2. Infinitive Participle Gerund

3. Infinitive 1.Form The infinitive is the base form of a verb. It may be preceded by 'to‘ (the to-infinitive) or stand alone (the base or zero infinitive).

4. 2. The to-infinitive is used: a.after certain verbs. want, wish, agree, fail, mean, decide, learn

5. b. after the auxiliaries to be to, to have to, ought to

6. c. in the pattern it’s+adjective +to-infinitive

7. with 'to'  The elephant decided to marry the mouse  The mouse agreed to marry the elephant  You will have to ask her  You are to leave immediately  He ought to relax  She has to go to Berlin next week  It's easy to speak English 

8. without 'to'  I would rather visit Rome.  She would rather live in Italy.  Would you rather eat steak or fish?  He would rather work in a bank.  I'd rather be a forest than a tree.

9. Examples:  Why wait until tomorrow?  Why not ask him now? The question word Why is followed by the zero infinitive in suggestions:

10. Make and Let The customs officer made Sally open the case. Let me carry your bag for you.

11. The infinitive can have the following forms: The perfect infinitive The continuous infinitive The perfect continuous infinitive The passive infinitive

12. The perfect infinitive: to have + past participle e.g. to have broken, to have seen, to have saved. This form is most commonly found in Type 3 conditional Sentences e.g. If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake.

13. Someone must have broken the window and climbed in. He pretended to have seen the film. If I'd seen the ball I would have caught it. Examples:

14. The continuous infinitive: to be + present participle e.g.to be swimming, to be joking, to be waiting

15. I'd really like to be swimming in a nice cool pool right now. You must be joking! I happened to be waiting for the bus when the accident happened. Examples:

16. . to have been + present participle to have been crying to have been waiting to have been painting The perfect continuous infinitive:

17. The woman seemed to have been crying. You must have been waiting for hours! He pretended to have been painting all day Examples:

18. e.g. to be given, to be shut, to be opened The passive infinitive: to be + past participle

19. I am expecting to be given a pay-rise next month. These doors should be shut. This window ought to be opened. Examples: