1. CHAPTER 2 SECTION 4 SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES
Mr. Clifford
US 1

2. MAIN IDEA & WHY IT MATTERS
The Dutch settle New Netherland; English Quakers led by William Penn settle Pennsylvania.
The principles of tolerance and equality promoted in the Quaker settlement remain fundamental values in America.

3. Terms & Names
William Penn
New Netherland
Proprietor
Quakers

4. ONE AMERICAN’S STORY
“For matters of liberty and privilege, I propose that which is extraordinary, and [I intend] to leave myself and successors no power for doing mischief, [in order] that the will of one man may not hinder the good of a whole country; but to publish those things now and here, as matters stand, would not be wise ”
—William Penn - quoted in A New World
How did William Penn’s father enable him to establish the colony of Pennsylvania?
Why did Penn want to establish a colonial government run on Quaker principles?
How was Penn’s colonial government different than Jamestown & Massachusetts Bay Colony?

5. THE DUTCH FOUND NEW NETHERLANDS
Diverse Colony
Dutch settled along Hudson river & established a thriving fur trade and trading post in present day Albany.
1621: Dutch government gave permission to Dutch West India Company to colonize ‘New Netherlands’ & expand the fur trade.
New Netherlands included (New York & New Jersey)
New Amsterdam (New York City) was named capital of New Netherlands.
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6. Diverse Colony
Dutch West India Company encouraged settlers from Europe to settle in New Netherlands. Dutch, Germans, Scandinavians, Africans (free & enslaved), and made up colony.
All religions were welcome: Protestants, Catholics, Jews, Muslims
New Netherlands became known as ‘Great Confusion of Tongues’ because of its diverse population.
Dutch & Native Americans traded and got along well.

7. English Takeover
England believed that the Dutch had created a ‘Dutch Wedge’ between New England & Mid- Atlantic colonies.
The Duke of York was ordered by the King of England to invade colony and drive Dutch out.
Most settlers refused to fight against the British so Stuyvesant reluctantly signed the colony over the James ‘Duke of York’- who eventually became King James II.
‘Duke of York’ renamed colony New York and gave friends lands west of the Hudson which was named New Jersey.

8. THE QUAKERS SETTLE PENNSYLVANIA
King Charles II owed money to his supporters in England. (e.g. William Penn’s father was owed 16,000 pounds)
Instead of monetary payment, King Charles II gave William Penn, who was a Quaker, a large property in America and requested that William name the colony after his father: Pennsylvania.

9. What’s a Quaker?
Quakers: believed that God’s ‘inner light’ shined on everyone.
Services were held without formal ministers
People could speak during the service if the ‘Holy Spirit’ moved them
Quakers dressed in plain clothes
Refused to defer to persons of ‘rank’
They opposed war & refused to serve in the British military
They were persecuted in Britain for their religious views.
 Quakers

10. Penn’s ‘Holy Experiment
William Penn wanted to create a society based on Quaker ideals.
Penn’s ‘Holy Experiment’ was to create a colony that had absolutely NO LANDOWNING ARISTOCRACY.
Every adult male received 50 acres of land when coming to Pennsylvania
All men could vote
Government would be a ‘representative assembly’
Representative Assembly supported ‘religious freedom’.
Capital of Pennsylvania was called Philadelphia – ‘The City of Brotherly Love’

11. Native American Relations
Penn believed - people approached in friendship would respond in friendship.
Penn regulated trade between the Native Americans and settlers to ensure trade was fair & honest.
Penn provided a court comprised of colonists & Native Americans to settle differences
Relationship between settlers & Native Americans was peaceful for 50 years.

12. A Thriving Colony
Penn needed to attract settlers (farmers, builders, traders) to ensure the colony would thrive.
Penn advertised throughout Western Europe. Signs written in German, French, & Dutch were printed in newspapers.
Settlers came in numbers, including thousands of Germans who brought with them craft skills, and farming techniques that helped the colony thrive.
Quakers in Pennsylvania were heavily outnumbered and slavery was eventually brought to the colony.
Penn’s principles of equality, cooperation, and religious tolerance would eventually become the fundamental values of the new American nation.

13. THE 13 AMERICAN COLONIES Colony Founded Economic Activity
Massachusetts
Plymouth 1620 / Mass. Bay 1630
Shipbuilding, shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, meat products
New Hampshire
1623
Ship masts, lumber, fishing, trade
Connecticut
1636
Shipping, livestock, foodstuffs
Rhode Island
Rum, iron foundries, shipbuilding, snuff, livestock
New York
1625
Furs, wheat, glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, shipbuilding, rum, beer, snuff
Delaware
1638
Trade, foodstuffs
New Jersey
1664
Trade, foodstuffs, copper
Pennsylvania
1681
Flour, foodstuffs, paper, iron, wheat, flax, shipbuilding
Virginia
1607
Tobacco, wheat, cattle, iron
Maryland
1632
Tobacco, wheat, snuff
North Carolina
1663
Naval supplies, tobacco, furs
South Carolina
Rice, indigo, silk
Georgia
1732
Indigo, rice, naval supplies, lumber