1. MERRELL, K.W., ERVIN, R. A., & PEACOCK, G. G. (2006). SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY: FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICES. NEW YORK, NY: THE GUILFORD PRESS. Chapter 2: History of School Psychology

2. Timeline of Psychology  470 - 322 B.C.: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle first document the study of psychology  1588-1678: Hobbes: Relationship of speech to thought  1596-1650: Descartes: mind/body dualism  1632-1704: Locke: minds ability to gain knowledge  1711-1776: Hume: equates psychology to physics/ impressions vs. ideas  1809-1882: Darwin: evolution of the mind  1832-1939: Wundt establishes the first psych lab  1856-1939: Freud: unconscious vs. conscious  1891: APA was founded

3. Timeline of American Education  1600s: Ideas about public education being discussed.  1700s: States begin to add public education to their constitutions  1800s: Beginning and expansion of the “common schools”  1892: Plessy vs. Ferguson  1920s: Almost all children receive some schooling  1954: Brown vs. Board of Education  1975: Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142/ IDEA)

4. Timeline of School Psychology  1890s: First began to see the foundations of school psychology as a separate practice.  1896: Lightner Whitmer: First Psychological Clinic in North America at University of Penn. (specifically for discovering problems in children)  Seen as father of school and clinical psychology  1905: Publication of Stanford-Binet scales  Original Binet scales for sorting children in Paris schools  1910: Child Guidance Clinics and Mental Hygiene Movement  1920s: “School Psychology/ School Psychologist” emerge as terms  1971: APA Accredits their first doctoral program

5. Timeline of School Psychology  1930: Hildreth’s book “Psychological Service for School Problems” published as first book in the field  1949: Boulder Conference: scientist-practitioner model of training and psychological credentials first set forward (general to psychology)  1954: Thayer Conference: first conference specific to school psychology.  1969: NASP is founded  1975: P.L. 94-142  1980s: NASP approves first programs  1988: NCSP credential is established  2002: APA/ NASP joint committee (IOC) considered a failure

6. NASP and APA Divide  M.S. / Ed.S. degree  to be called a “psychologist”  To practice independently  Sch Psych is INDEPENDENT from psych  Doctoral Degree  to be called a “psychologist”  To practice independently  Sch Psych is SUBSUMED in psych NASPAPA