1. Nationalism in India World Cultures South Asia

2. Nationalism in India  Indian Nationalism Want to use the influences of western societies to strengthen and reform India  Hindu Nationalism Want to return India to traditional Hindu culture

3. Indian National Congress (INC) 1885  Mohandas Gandhi Took over leadership of the Indian National Congress  Set up to work towards change and advancement in India Result: Hindu Nationalism grows and Muslims become increasingly concerned about their fate

4. Muslim League 1905  Muhammad Ali Jinnah Believed that the subcontinent of India must be divided into two separate nations 1. Hindu 2. Muslim Gandhi will continue to push for peaceful co-existence between both Hindu’s and Muslims

5. Amritsar Massacre – April 13, 1919  Indians protest the violations of the British Amritsar, India (northwest India)  General Dyer – Orders British troops to open fire on the protesters  Result: Giving no word of warning, he ordered 50 soldiers to fire into the gathering, and for 10 to 15 minutes 1,650 rounds of ammunition were unloaded into the screaming, terrified crowd, some of whom were trampled by those desperately trying to escape. 379 Indians dead, 1,000 wounded, and increases distrust towards British

6. Amritsar Song  ''I think it quite possible that I could have dispersed the crowd without firing but they would have come back again and laughed, and I would have made, what I consider, a fool of myself.''......Dyer's response  Listen to the shaheed song - "Jallian Wala Bagh" in honor of the sacrifices made by Amritsar to set India free.  http://www.amritsar.com/Jallian%20Wala%2 0Bagh.shtml http://www.amritsar.com/Jallian%20Wala%2 0Bagh.shtml

7. 1947 – Indian Independence Act  Ended British rule in India and separated India into two independent nations 1. India – Hindu and led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru 2. Pakistan – Muslim and led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah

11. Jawaharlal Nehru  Supporter of Gandhi.  1 st Prime Minister of India, 1947-1964.

12. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Despite differences over the partition Jinnah and Gandhi still maintained a friendly relationship

13. Result of Partition  Countries promised religious toleration for those Hindu’s / Muslim’s still living within the countries  Religious toleration did not exist 500,000 people died in acts of violence Millions of Muslims fled India for Pakistan Millions of Hindus fled Pakistan for India 15,000,000 took place in mass migration  Gandhi refused to take part in migrations and was shot and killed by Hindu extremist, Nathuram Godse