1. WELCOME To discover a new thing about English Grammar

2. DO YOU KNOW? We can report the words of a person to another person in two ways

3. First, by reporting words as they were For example: Susan said,” My father is a doctor’’ Second, by reporting words in our own way For example: Susan said that her father was a doctor.

4. NARRATION DIRECT AND INDIRECT.

5. The first way of reporting is called DIRECT NARRATION or DIRECT SPEECH The second way is called INDIRECT NARRATION or INDIRECT SPEECH

6. LET US KNOW MORE. A sentence in Direct Narration has two parts Susan said, “ My father is a doctor.” Susan said REPORTING VERB My father is a doctor REPORTED SPEECH

7. RULES TO FOLLOW If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the reported speech does not change. I say,’’ I have lost my pen.’’ I say that I have lost my pen. He will say,’’ She loves him.’’ He will say that she loves him.

8. EXAMPLES He said,’’ I am well.’’ He said,’’ I am reading.’’ He said,’’ I have done this.’’ He said,’’ I have been playing the whole day.’’ He said that he was well. He said that he was reading. He said that he had done that. He said that he had been playing the whole day.

9. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the reported speech changes as under. 1.Present indefinite 2.Present continuous. 3.Present perfect. 4.Present perfect continuous. 1.Past indefinite. 2.Past continuous. 3.Past perfect. 4.Past perfect continuous.

10. DO REMMEMBER.  PAST INDEFINITE changes to PAST PERFECT.  She said,’’ I did the work.’’ She said that she had done the work.  PAST CONTINUOUS changes to PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS.  Rohit said,’’ I was reading a book.’’ Rohit said that he had been reading a book.

11. Some more changes. That in the place of inverted commas. Today changes into that day Yesterday,, previous day Tomorrow,, next day. This/ these,, that / those. Now,, then Here,, there. Shall / Will,, should / would

12. LET US TRY. 1.The teacher said,’’ It rained heavily.’’  The teacher said that it had rained heavily. 2.He said to me,’’ You are clever.’’  He told me that I was clever. 3.She said,’’ I have lost my purse.’’  She said that she had lost her purse. 4.Mohan said,’’ I did not sleep yesterday.’’  Mohan said that he had not slept the day before or the previous day. 5.She said,’’ I will beat him.’’  She said that she would beat him.

13. CLASS WORK 1.He said,’’ I work very hard.’’ 2.Women will say,’’ Men are cruel’’. 3.Sohan says,’’ He is an honest man.’’ 4.The gardener said,’’ Flowers have bloomed.’’ 5.I said,’’ I cooked food.’’

14. HOME WORK Make a table of the changes of tenses while changing a direct narration to indirect narration.

15. THANK YOU Prepared by SANJAY KUMAR TGT English.