1. Human Body Systems Unit

2. 1. What is the job of the frame/walls of a building? 2. Why do you think we have bones? 3. What do you think would happen if we didn’t have bones? Catalyst

3.  Science Students will be able to describe the function, structure, and importance of our skeletal system. Mission(Objective):

4.  When a baby is born, not all of the bones in their skull have fused together so they have soft spots on their head called fontanel  Adults have 206 bones in their body

5.  The framework of bones and other tissues that supports the body

6.  Axial skeleton – consists of 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body  Appendicular skeleton – composed of 126 bones that make up the appendages, or the parts that are joined to something larger, of the human body

7.  Axial skeleton – consists of 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body

8.  Appendicular skeleton – composed of 126 bones that make up the appendages, or the parts that are joined to something larger, of the human body

9.  Shape and Support  Movement  Protection  Production  Storage

10.  Skeleton determines shape of your body just like the frame determines the shape of a building

11.  Bones form joints, which is a place where two bones come together  Joints allow bones to move in different ways

12.  Skull protects your brain  Rib cage protects heart, lungs, and other organs in the center of your body

13.  Bones produce (make) blood cells  The long bones in your arms and legs can be thought of as factories that make certain blood cells

14.  Bones store minerals until body needs them  These minerals include calcium and phosphorus, which are in many foods we eat

15.  The BONES are the organs of the body.  Made up of tissues. TissueDescription Compact BoneThe hard, dense outer layer of bone Spongy BoneHard, but has many “holes” in it MarrowSoft tissue with the spongy bone, makes blood cells

16.  Bones are classified by their shape: 1. Long- bones are longer than they are wide (arms, legs) 2. Short- usually square in shape, cube like (wrist, ankle) 3. Flat- flat, curved (skull, Sternum) 4. Irregular- odd shapes (vertebrae, pelvis)

18.  Osteocytes  Mature bone cells  Osteoblasts  Bone-forming cells  Osteoclasts  Bone-destroying cells  Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium  Bone remodeling is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

19.  In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage  During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone  Cartilage remains in isolated areas  Bridge of the nose  Parts of ribs  Joints

20.  A break in a bone  Types of bone fractures  Closed (simple) fracture – break that does not penetrate the skin  Open (compound) fracture – broken bone penetrates through the skin  Greenstick- frays, hard to repair, breaks like a green twig  Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization  Realignment of the bone

22. A joint, or articulation, is the place where two bones come together.  Fibrous- Immovable:connect bones, no movement. (skull and pelvis).  Cartilaginous- slightly movable, bones are attached by cartilage, a little movement (spine or ribs).ribs).  Synovial- freely movable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints. Cavities between bones are filled with synovial fluid. This fluid helps lubricate and protect the bones.

23. Hinge- A hinge joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage. (Elbow, Knee)

24. Ball and Socket- A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders. (Hip, Shoulder)

25. Gliding- In a gliding or plane joint bones slide past each other. Mid-carpal and mid- tarsal joints are gliding joints. (Hands, Feet)

26. Saddle- This type of joint occurs when the touching surfaces of two bones have both concave and convex regions with the shapes of the two bones complementing one other and allowing a wide range of movement. (Thumb)

27. One bone can rotate around another.