1. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Dissertation Studies Research Design

2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pf70HglUMYA&feature= related

3. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Designs Experimental (Quasi-experimental) Survey (Descriptive, Analytical) Case Study Ethnography Phenomenology Mixed methods

4. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Experimental Purpose: Causality, Theory Testing Are set up so that causality may be examined Intervention: the researcher does something to at least some of the participants in the research Control: the experimenter introduces one or more controls over the experimental situation Randomisation: the experimenter assigns participants to different groups on a random basis.

5. Experimental Subjects

6. Experimental Random x y

7. Experimental x y Measure T 1

8. Experimental Intervention x y X

9. Experimental Measure T 2 x y X x y

10. Quasi-experimental X 1 (30) Y 1 (30) X 2 (30) Y 2 (30) intervention School A School B

11. Quasi-experimental X 1 (30) X 2 (30) intervention School A

12. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Survey-descriptive Are designed to gain more information about a particular characteristic within a particular field of study describe or establish categories How many? or how often?

13. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Survey - Analytical specifically set up to explore the relationship and associations between particular concepts / variables Less orientated towards representativeness and more towards finding explanations Focus on theory building or testing Asks: ‘why’ and ‘what goes with what’ ?

14. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Survey - Analytical Correlation the basic purpose of this form of study is to determine the relationship between variables is bullying related to achievement? bullying achievement

15. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Survey - Analytical Is self esteem related to achievement However causality cannot be established with this design self esteem achievement

16. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Case Study Purpose: Intensive investigation of a case within its real life context using multiple sources of evidence. An organisation, school, individual, committee Holistic understanding of a set of issues in a particular environment and context Yin, R. (1994). Case Study research: Designs and Methods. (2nd ed.) Beverly Hills, Ca: Sage. Yin, R. (2004). The Case Study Anthology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

17. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Case Study Methods Questionnaires Documents Observations Interviews Focus groups

18. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Phenomenology Purpose: Is to interpret and represent the way that people understand specific concepts A focus on perceptions Aim is to get in-depth understandings Descriptive Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. California, Sage.

19. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Phenomenology methods Interviews Semi-structured Unstructured Often involving 2 nd /3 rd interviews

20. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Ethnography Purpose: Is to interpret and represent the social world in the way that your participants interpret it traditionally associated with anthropology usually involves immersing yourself in a particular context or culture Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. California, Sage.

21. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Ethnographic methods Interviews Observation Group Interviews

22. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Mixed Method Designs You can mix your methods but not your assumptions / philosophy! Pick your MAIN method and use the other methods to SUPPORT it

23. Depth and Understanding Representative and Predictive Positivist – Quantitative Research Interpretist – Qualitative Research Mixed Methods?

24. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Sequential Designs stages feed into each other normally there is a main stage qual QUANT quant QUAL quant QUAL

25. Southampton Education School Southampton Education School Concurrent Designs stages occur simultaneously have equal importance, but different foci requests from each stage ‘compared’ results QUANT results QUAL