1. The Language Of Medicine Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

2. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

3. 3  Name essential organs of the urinary system and describe their locations and functions.  Identify common pathological conditions.  Recognize how urinalysis is used and interpreted as a diagnostic test.  Define urinary-system-related combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes.

4. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4  List and explain clinical procedures, laboratory tests, and abbreviations that pertain to the urinary system.  Understand medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.

5. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5

6. 6  Nitrogenous wastes  urea  creatinine  uric acid  Kidneys  Filter nitrogenous wastes to form urine  Maintain proper balance of  Water  Electrolytes  Acids

7. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Kidneys also secrete Hormones  Renin: enzymatic hormone important in adjusting blood pressure  Erythropoietin: hormone that stimulates the red blood cell production in bone marrow

8. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Organs of the Urinary System in a Male

9. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Organs of the Urinary System in a Male

10. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Female Urinary System

11. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Female Urinary System

12. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12 1. What is voiding? A.nitrogenous waste B.urination C.outer section of the kidney D.triangular area in the bladder

13. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13  Blood enters kidneys through right and left renal arteries  Arterioles carry blood to capillaries  Glomeruli filter blood

14. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14  Blood enters kidneys through right and left renal arteries  Arterioles carry blood to capillaries  Glomeruli filter blood

15. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15  Blood passes through glomeruli  Glomerular (Bowman) capsule surrounds each glomerulus  Renal tubule is attached to each Bowman capsule Glomerulus & Glomerular /Bowman Capsule

16. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16  Blood passes through glomeruli  Glomerular (Bowman) capsule surrounds each glomerulus  Renal tubule is attached to each Bowman capsule Glomerulus & Glomerular /Bowman Capsule

17. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Three steps in the formation of urine  Glomerular filtration  Tubular reabsorption  Tubular secretion

18. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Three steps in the formation of urine 1.Glomerular filtration 2.Tubular reabsorption 3.Tubular secretion

19. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19  Glomerulus and a renal tubule combine to form a unit called a nephron.

20. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20  Glomerulus and a renal tubule combine to form a unit called a nephron.

21. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21 2.Approximately how many nephrons are in a kidney? A.100,000,000 B.10,000,000 C.1,000,000 D.100,000

22. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22 All collecting tubules lead to the renal pelvis Calyces or calices are small, cup-like regions of the renal pelvis Illustration shows section of kidney

23. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23 All collecting tubules lead to the renal pelvis Calyces or calices are small, cuplike regions of the renal pelvis Illustration shows section of kidney

24. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Process of forming and expelling urine

25. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25 Process of forming and expelling urine

26. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26 arteriole calyx or calix

27. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27 arteriole calyx or calix  Small artery  Cuplike collecting region of the renal pelvis

28. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28 catheter cortex creatinine

29. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 29 catheter cortex creatinine  Tube for injecting or removing fluids  Outer region of an organ  Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

30. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 30 electrolyte erythropoietin (EPO)

31. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 31 electrolyte erythropoietin (EPO)  Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water.  Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells by bone marrow.

32. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32 filtration glomerular capsule glomerulus hilum

33. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 33 filtration glomerular capsule glomerulus hilum  Process whereby some substances pass through a filter  Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus; also called Bowman capsule  Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney  Depression in the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

34. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 34 kidney meatus medulla

35. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 35 kidney meatus medulla  One of two bean-shaped organs which filter nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine  Opening or canal  Inner region of an organ

36. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 36 nephron nitrogenous waste

37. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 37 nephron nitrogenous waste  The functional unit of the kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place  Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

38. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 38 potassium (K + ) reabsorption renal artery

39. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 39 potassium (K + ) reabsorption renal artery  An electrolyte regulated by the kidney  Renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream  Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

40. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 40  renal pelvis  renal tubules  renal vein

41. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 41 renal pelvis renal tubules renal vein  Central collection region in the kidney  Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.  Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney.

42. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 42  renin  sodium (Na + )  trigone

43. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 43 renin sodium (Na + ) trigone  Hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure.  An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys.  Triangular area in the urinary bladder.

44. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 44  urea  ureter  urethra

45. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 45 urea ureter urethra  Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine  One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder  Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

46. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 46  uric acid  urinary bladder  urination (voiding)

47. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 47 uric acid urinary bladder urination (voiding)  Nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine  Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine  Process of expelling urine; also called micturition

48. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 48 STRUCTURES cali/o, calic/o _________ cyst/o_________ glomerul/o _________ meat/o_________ Combining Form Meaning

49. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 49 STRUCTURES cali/o, calic/ocalyx (calix) cyst/ourinary bladder glomerul/oglomerulus meat/omeatus Combining Form Meaning

50. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 50 STRUCTURES cyst/o cystitis ________________ Combining Form Terminology Meaning Terminology: Structures, Substances, and Urinary Symptoms (cont’d) Bacterial infections often cause acute or chronic cystitis. In acute cystitis, the bladder contains blood as a result of mucosal hemorrhage (see figure, Acute cystitis).

51. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 51 STRUCTURES cyst/o cystitis inflammation of the urinary bladder Combining Form Terminology Meaning Bacterial infections often cause acute or chronic cystitis. In acute cystitis, the bladder contains blood as a result of mucosal hemorrhage (see figure, Acute cystitis). Terminology: Structures, Substances, and Urinary Symptoms (cont’d)

52. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 52 STRUCTURES nephr/o___________ pyel/o___________ ren/o ____________ trigon/o ____________ Combining Form Meaning

53. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 53 STRUCTURES nephr/okidney pyel/orenal pelvis ren/o kidney trigon/o trigone Combining Form Meaning

54. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 54 STRUCTURES nephr/o hydronephrosis _________________ nephr/o hydronephrosis _________________ Combining Form TerminologyMeaning Combining Form Terminology Meaning Obstruction of urine flow may be caused by renal calculi (stones) as shown in figure. Notice the buildup of excess fluid in the kidney.

55. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 55 STRUCTURES nephr/o hydronephrosis Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney. Combining Form TerminologyMeaning Combining Form Terminology Meaning Obstruction of urine flow may be caused by renal calculi (stones) as shown in figure. Notice the buildup of excess fluid in the kidney.

56. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 56 STRUCTURES ureter/o__________ urethr/o__________ vesic/o__________ Combining Form Meaning

57. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 57 STRUCTURES ureter/oureter urethr/ourethra vesic/ourinary bladder Combining Form Meaning

58. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 58 SUBSTANCES and SYMPTOMS albumin/o ________ azot/o________ bacteri/o________ dips/o________ Combining Form Meaning

59. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 59 SUBSTANCES and SYMPTOMS albumin/o albumin azot/o nitrogen bacteri/o bacteria dips/o thirst Combining Form Meaning

60. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 60 SUBSTANCES and SYMPTOMS kal/o __________ ket/o, keton/o __________ lith/o __________ nat/o __________ noct/o __________ olig/o __________ Combining Form or Suffix Meaning

61. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 61 SUBSTANCES and SYMPTOMS kal/opotassium ket/o, keton/o ketone bodies lith/o stone nat/osodium noct/o night olig/o scanty Combining Form Or SuffixMeaning

62. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 62 SUBSTANCES and SYMPTOMS -poietin__________ py/o__________ -tripsy__________ ur/o__________ urin/o__________ -uria__________ Combining Form Or SuffixMeaning

63. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 63 SUBSTANCES and SYMPTOMS -poietin substance that forms py/o pus -tripsy to crush ur/o urea urin/o urine -uria urination; urine condition Combining Form or SuffixMeaning

64. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 64 Tests included in a urinalysis 1.Color 2.Appearance 3.pH 4.Protein 5.Glucose

65. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 65 Tests included in a urinalysis 6.Specific gravity 7.Ketone bodies 8.Sediment 9.Phenylketonuria 10.Bilirubin

66. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 66 3.In a urinalysis, what does the test specific gravity reflect? A. the chemical nature of urine B. presence of albumin C. blood in the urine D. amount of wastes, minerals and solids in the urine

67. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 67

68. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 68 Kidney  glomerulonephritis  interstitial nephritis  nephrolithiasis  nephrotic syndrome  polycystic kidneys (PKD)

69. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 69 Kidney  polycystic kidney disease (PKD) PKD—The kidneys contain masses of cysts. Typically polycystic kidneys weigh 20 times more than their usual weight.

70. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 70 Kidney  pyelonephritis  renal cell carcinoma  renal failure  renal hypertension  Wilms tumor

71. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 71 Kidney  Renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

72. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 72 Urinary bladder  Bladder cancer Associated conditions  Diabetes insipidus  Diabetes mellitus

73. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 73 4.A term that means frequent (voluntary) urination at night is: A.anuria B.nocturia C.diuresis D.hematuria

74. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 74 Laboratory tests  blood urea nitrogen (BUN)  creatinine clearance test

75. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 75 CLINICAL PROCEDURES X-ray Studies  CT scan  kidneys, ureters, & bladder (KUB)  renal angiography  retrograde pyelogram (RP)  voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

76. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 76  CT-Computed Tomography The scan with contrast shows a benign cyst on the kidney.

77. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 77 VOIDING CYSTOURETHROGRAM  (VCUG)showing a normal female urethra. The bladder is filled with contrast material, followed by x-ray imaging.

78. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 78 CLINICAL PROCEDURES Ultrasound Examination  ultrasonography: imaging urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves Radioactive Studies  radioisotope scan: image of kidney after injecting a radioisotope into the bloodstream

79. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 79 CLINICAL PROCEDURES Magnetic imaging  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): A changing magnetic field produces images of an organ and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

80. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 80 Other Clinical Procedures  cystoscopy  dialysis  lithotripsy  renal angioplasty  renal biopsy  renal transplantation  urinary catheterization

81. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 81 Cytoscopy—direct visual examination of urinary bladder with an endoscope.

82. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 82 Hemodialysis (HD)

83. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 83 Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

84. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 84  ADH_______________  ARF_______________  BILI_______________  BUN_______________  Ccr_______________  CAPD_______________  Cath_______________  CCPD_______________  CKD_______________

85. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 85  ADHantidiuretic hormone  ARFacute renal failure  BILIbilirubin  BUN blood urea nitrogen  Ccrcreatinine clearance  CAPDcontinuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis  Cathcatheter; catheterization  CCPDcontinuous cycling peritoneal dialysis  CKDchronic kidney disease Abbreviations (cont’d)

86. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 86  CL - _____________________  CRF_____________________  C & S_____________________  cysto_____________________  ESRD_____________________  ESWL_____________________  HCO 3 - _____________________  HD_____________________  IC_____________________ Abbreviations (cont’d)

87. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 87  CL - chloride, a kidney excretion  CRFchronic renal failure  C&Sculture and sensitivity testing  cystocystoscopic examination  ESRDend-stage renal disease  ESWLextracorporeal shockwave lithrotripsy  HCO 3 - bicarbonate, an electrolyte conserved by the kidney  HDhemodialysis  ICinterstitial cystitis, chronic inflammation of the bladder wall Abbreviations (cont’d)

88. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 88  K + __________________  KUB__________________  Na + __________________  PD__________________  pH__________________  PKU __________________  sp gr__________________  UA__________________  UTI__________________  VCUG__________________ Abbreviations (cont’d)

89. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 89  K + potassium, an electrolyte  KUBkidney ureter and bladder  Na + sodium, an electrolyte  PDperitoneal dialysis  pHpotential hydrogen; degree of acidity or alkalinity  PKU phenylketonuria  sp grspecific gravity  UAurinalysis  UTIurinary tract infection  VCUGvoiding cystourethrogram Abbreviations (cont’d)

90. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 90 5.The abbreviation RP is associated with which of the following? A. Fluid is injected into the peritoneal cavity and then drained out. B. Contrast is injected into the urinary bladder and ureters and x-rays are taken of the urinary tract. C. Nitrogenous wastes are removed from patient’s blood. D. An electrolyte is secreted by renal tubules.

91. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 91 albumino/o____________ angi/o____________ azot/o____________ bacteri/o____________ cali/o, calic/o____________ cyst/o____________

92. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 92 albumino/oalbumin (protein) angi/ovessel (blood) azot/ourea; nitrogen bacteri/obacteria cali/o, calic/ocalyx (calix) cyst/ourinary bladder

93. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 93 dips/o____________ glomerul/o____________ glycos/o____________ hydr/o____________ isch/o____________ kal/o____________ ket/o; keton/o____________ Review Sheet (cont’d) Review Sheet (cont’d) combining forms

94. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 94 dips/othirst glomerul/oglomerulus glycos/osugar hydr/owater isch/oto hold back; back kal/opotassium ket/o; keton/oketones; acetones Review Sheet (cont’d) Review Sheet (cont’d) combining forms

95. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 95 lith/o____________ meat/o____________ nat/o____________ necr/o ____________ nephr/o____________ noct/o____________ ogli/o____________ Review Sheet (cont’d) Review Sheet (cont’d) combining forms

96. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 96 lith/ostone meat/omeatus nat/osodium necr/o death nephr/okidney noct/onight ogli/oscanty Review Sheet (cont’d) Review Sheet (cont’d) combining forms

97. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 97 py/o__________ pyel/o__________ ren/o __________ trigon/o __________ ur/o__________ Review Sheet (cont’d) combining forms

98. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 98 py/opus pyel/orenal pelvis ren/o kidney trigon/o trigone ur/ourine; urinary tract Review Sheet (cont’d) combining forms

99. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 99 ureter/o____________ urethr/o____________ urin/o____________ vesic/o____________ Review Sheet (cont’d) Review Sheet (cont’d) combining forms

100. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 100 ureter/oureter urethr/ourethra urin/ourine vesic/ourinary bladder Review Sheet (cont’d) Review Sheet (cont’d) combining forms

101. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 101 -ectasis______________ -ectomy______________ -emia______________ -esis______________ -gram______________ -lithiasis______________ Review Sheet Suffixes Review Sheet Suffixes

102. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 102 -ectasisstretching; dilation -ectomyremoval; excision -emiablood condition -esiscondition -gramrecord -lithiasiscondition of stones Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes

103. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 103 -lithotomy ____________________ -lysis ______________ -megaly______________ -ole ______________ -osis ______________ -pathy______________ Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes

104. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 104 -lithotomyincision for removal of a stone -lysis breakdown -megalyenlargement -ole little; small -osis condition -pathydisease Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes

105. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 105 -plasty _________________ -poietin _______________ -ptosis_______________ -rrhea _______________ -sclerosis _______________ -stomy ___________________ Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes

106. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 106 -plastysurgical repair -poietin substance that forms -ptosisdroop; sag -rrhea flow; discharge -sclerosis hardening -stomynew opening (to form a mouth) Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes

107. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 107 -tomy _____________ -tripsy ___________ -uria ___________ Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes

108. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 108 -tomyprocess of cutting -tripsy to crush -uria urination Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes Review Sheet (cont’d) Suffixes

109. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 109 a-, an-_____________ anti-_____________ dia-_____________ dys- _____________ Review Sheet Prefixes

110. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 110 a-, an-not; without anti-again dia-complete dys- bad; painful Review Sheet (cont’d) Prefixes

111. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 111 en-__________ peri-__________ poly-__________ retro- __________ Review Sheet (cont’d) Prefixes Review Sheet (cont’d) Prefixes

112. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 112 en-in; within peri-surrounding poly-many, much retro- behind; back Review Sheet (cont’d) Prefixes Review Sheet (cont’d) Prefixes

113. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 113 6.The combining form dips/o means: A.stone B.scanty C.thirst D.water

114. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 114 7.Which combining form means pus? A.pyel/o B.lith/o C.ogli/o D.py/o

115. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 115 8. The combining form isch/o means: A.scanty B.to hold back; back C.night D.trigon