1. Biology 2.3 Carbon Compounds
Why carbon?
Read p44
Draw two diagrams to show why an entire branch of chemistry is devoted to studying carbon
Carbon atoms form 4 bonds
And so, carbon can bond to other carbons and elements such as H, N, O, and P to form large complex molecules.

2. Macromolecules Macromolecules
Smaller units, or monomers, join together to form polymers.
Monomers in a polymer may be identical, or different.

3. Four major groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins

4. Biology 2.3 Carbohydrates p45
Important source of energy for living things
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Why is it called a carbohydrate?
Carbon (carbo-) and water (H2O) hydrate
Carbohydrates can form large polymers
Here is an illustration of the polymer, starch.
What is the monomer of which starch is made?

5. Carbohydrates Made of carbon, hydrogen and water
•glucose energy for most all cells
•starch - a long chain of glucose

6. Lipids Not soluble in water Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen
Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
Important for
Energy Storage
Waterproof membranes
A typical fat is made of 3 fatty acid molecules attached to glycerol

7. Lipids Not soluble in water
A typical fat is made of 3 fatty acid molecules attached to glycerol

8. Nucleic Acids
Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Monomer= nucleotide

9. Nucleic Acids
Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
Store and transmit genetic information
DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA= ribonucleic acid

10. Proteins
Macromolecules containing mostly nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Made up of Amino Acids

11. Proteins Made up of Amino Acids Amino Acids have
Amino group (NH2) on one end,
Carboxyllic acid group (COOH) on the other end

12. Proteins
The instructions for arranging many amino acids into a protein are coded in your DNA.

13. Proteins
Some proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes (enzymes)
Some proteins are used to form bones and muscles.
Other proteins transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight disease.

14. Proteins Four levels of organization: Order of amino acids.
The amino acids within a chain can be twisted or folded.
The chain itself is folded.
If a protein has more than one chain, each chain has a specific arrangement in space.