1. The Struggle for Empire Lecture 4

2. Frontier Conflict  Throughout the first half of the 18th century Britain and France fought a series of wars along the frontier b/w their colonies in North America.  The conflict focused on control over the lucrative fur trade and French efforts to thwart British and American expansion into the interior of North America.  Each side relied on Native alliances to conduct much of the fighting.  Throughout the first half of the 18th century Britain and France fought a series of wars along the frontier b/w their colonies in North America.  The conflict focused on control over the lucrative fur trade and French efforts to thwart British and American expansion into the interior of North America.  Each side relied on Native alliances to conduct much of the fighting.

3. From Deerfield to Louisbourg  The Raid on Deerfield occurred during Queen Anne's War on February 29, 1704, when French and Native American forces under the command of Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville attacked the English settlement at Deerfield, Massachusetts just before dawn, burning part of the town and killing 56 villagers. Queen Anne's WarFrenchNative AmericanJean-Baptiste Hertel de RouvilleEnglishDeerfield, Massachusetts  The Raid on Deerfield occurred during Queen Anne's War on February 29, 1704, when French and Native American forces under the command of Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville attacked the English settlement at Deerfield, Massachusetts just before dawn, burning part of the town and killing 56 villagers. Queen Anne's WarFrenchNative AmericanJean-Baptiste Hertel de RouvilleEnglishDeerfield, Massachusetts

4.  French organizers of the raid drew on a variety of Indian populations, including in the force of about 300 a number of Pocumtucs who had once lived in the Deerfield area.Pocumtucs  The diversity of personnel involved in the raid meant that it did not achieve full surprise when they entered the palisaded village.  The defenders of some fortified houses in the village successfully held off the raiders until arriving reinforcements prompted their retreat.  More than 100 captives were taken, and about 40 percent of the village houses were destroyed.  French organizers of the raid drew on a variety of Indian populations, including in the force of about 300 a number of Pocumtucs who had once lived in the Deerfield area.Pocumtucs  The diversity of personnel involved in the raid meant that it did not achieve full surprise when they entered the palisaded village.  The defenders of some fortified houses in the village successfully held off the raiders until arriving reinforcements prompted their retreat.  More than 100 captives were taken, and about 40 percent of the village houses were destroyed.

5.  The raid has been immortalized as a part of the early American frontier story, principally due to the account of one of its captives, the Rev. John Williams.John Williams  He and his family were forced to make the long overland journey to Canada, and his daughter Eunice was adopted by a Mohawk family; she took up their ways.CanadaEunice Mohawk  Williams' account, The Redeemed Captive, was published in 1707 and was widely popular in the colonies.  The raid has been immortalized as a part of the early American frontier story, principally due to the account of one of its captives, the Rev. John Williams.John Williams  He and his family were forced to make the long overland journey to Canada, and his daughter Eunice was adopted by a Mohawk family; she took up their ways.CanadaEunice Mohawk  Williams' account, The Redeemed Captive, was published in 1707 and was widely popular in the colonies.

7. The Battle of Louisbourg

8. The French Indian War 1754-1763  In 1754 a struggle began b/w American colonists and the French and their Native American allies for control of the Ohio valley.  The dispute would ignite a final clash of empires, a world war that would lead British to victory and the end of French control in North America and elsewhere.  In 1754 a struggle began b/w American colonists and the French and their Native American allies for control of the Ohio valley.  The dispute would ignite a final clash of empires, a world war that would lead British to victory and the end of French control in North America and elsewhere.

9.  The French and Indian War would become part of the conflict known as the Seven Years War (1756-1763).  Fighting also took place in Europe, Indian Subcontinent, in West Africa, and in the Caribbean.  The French and Indian War would become part of the conflict known as the Seven Years War (1756-1763).  Fighting also took place in Europe, Indian Subcontinent, in West Africa, and in the Caribbean.

10. Differences in reason for fighting b/w British and American Colonists.  The British sought global primacy and an end to French military and commercial challenges to its interest.  The American colonists objective was more local wanting to end Native raids on their colonies and open the Ohio River Valley to settlement.  This led to colonies organizing their own military expeditions and settlements.  The British sought global primacy and an end to French military and commercial challenges to its interest.  The American colonists objective was more local wanting to end Native raids on their colonies and open the Ohio River Valley to settlement.  This led to colonies organizing their own military expeditions and settlements.

11. George Washington  Watch to video and answer the following questions:  1. How old was George Washington?  2. What was he sent to do?  3. How did Washington change the rules of war?  4. What is Benjamin Franklins vision for America?  5. How is expansion being fuelled by Franklin?  6. Which Native group is the most powerful over the Ohio Valley?  7. What happens to the native alliance with Washington?  8. Describe the difference in fighting strategy b/w the natives and Americans.  Watch to video and answer the following questions:  1. How old was George Washington?  2. What was he sent to do?  3. How did Washington change the rules of war?  4. What is Benjamin Franklins vision for America?  5. How is expansion being fuelled by Franklin?  6. Which Native group is the most powerful over the Ohio Valley?  7. What happens to the native alliance with Washington?  8. Describe the difference in fighting strategy b/w the natives and Americans.

13. British Victory  Although Fort Duquesne was captured the British were successful in taking over the following Forts:  1. Fort Frontenac  2. Louisbourg  3. Battle of Quebec (Plains of Abraham)  4. Montreal (1760)  Although Fort Duquesne was captured the British were successful in taking over the following Forts:  1. Fort Frontenac  2. Louisbourg  3. Battle of Quebec (Plains of Abraham)  4. Montreal (1760)

14. Getting to Know Chief Pontiac

15. The Royal Proclamation of 1763

16. Check Your Understanding  1. Explain the North American causes of conflict between the British and the French.  2. How did the American colonists benefit from British victory in the Seven Years War?  3. What role did the Native Americans play in the wars between the British and the French?  4. What role did the American colonists play in defeating France?  5. Why was general Wolfe’s victory at Quebec important for the American colonists?  6. What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?  1. Explain the North American causes of conflict between the British and the French.  2. How did the American colonists benefit from British victory in the Seven Years War?  3. What role did the Native Americans play in the wars between the British and the French?  4. What role did the American colonists play in defeating France?  5. Why was general Wolfe’s victory at Quebec important for the American colonists?  6. What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?