1. Unit 1

2. Unit 1 Advertising

3. Grammar and usage Direct speech and reported speech &
Reported speech: statements, questions and imperative sentences

4. Lead-in
Look at the following sentences:
Tom: What are you going to do this
summer holiday?
Amy: I am going to travel to Beijing
with my parents.

5. Now try to answer:
What did Amy say?
Amy said that she was going to travel to Beijing with her parents.

6. Direct speech & reported speech
What is the difference between direct speech and reported speech?
Direct speech is to report what exactly has been said while reported speech or indirect speech is to report what has been said without using exact words.

7. How can we change direct speech into reported speech?
We can change direct speech into reported speech by using an object clause or an infinitive phrase.

8. For example:
He said, ‘I’m used to such embarrassing comments.’
He said that he was used to such embarrassing comments.

9. ‘We must not give up in the face of pressure!’ she said.
She encouraged us not to give up in the face of pressure.

10. Besides the major changes in sentence structure, there are also changes in:
Personal pronouns
Tenses
Adverbials of time and place
Other cases

11. Personal pronouns:
She said, ‘I did some research.’
She said that she had done some research.
Ann said, ‘I have finished this letter.’
Ann said that she had finished that letter.

12. How to change the tenses:
Direct speech
Reported speech
Simple present
Simple past
Simple future
Future in the past
Past perfect

13. Direct speech
Reported speech
Present continuous
Past continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect

14. Tips:
‘Light travels at a great speed,’ said Ms Li.
Ms Li said that light travels at a great speed.
We do not change the tense when we report a proverb or a fact that doesn’t change over time.

15. Adverbials of time and place:
e.g. Tom said, ‘I am working here
today.’
Tom said he was working there
that day.

16. The following table shows other examples: Direct speech
Reported speech
today
tomorrow
yesterday
next month
a week ago
that day/yesterday, etc.
the next day/the following day, etc.
the day before/ the previous day, etc.
the month after/the following month
a week before/ a week earlier, etc.

17. Other cases:
Some more examples of the changes:
Direct speech
Reported speech
this
these
come
that
those go

18. Read the advertisement and complete the letter on page 9.
Answers:
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _________
4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _________
7. _______ 8. _______ 9. ________
10. ______
was
would be
had read
that
would
had thought
that
would
those
her

19. Reported speech:
statements, questions and imperative sentences
1. Statements
We use noun clauses introduced by that
to report statements. The word that can
be omitted.
e.g. She said (that) advertisements were
almost everywhere nowadays.

20. advise explain insist promise
There are more reporting verbs other than say and tell:
advise explain insist promise
announce suggest warn
e.g. The write explained that PSAs were
often run for free.

21. 2. Questions:
We use noun clauses introduced by whether/if to report yes/no questions.
e.g. Matt asked Ann, ‘Does Jason deserve
this ward?’
Matt asked Ann whether/if Jason
deserved this award.

22. We use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to report wh-questions.
e.g. ‘Where did you find the advertisements for jobs abroad?’ Bill asked.
Bill asked where I had found the
advertisements for jobs abroad.

23. 3. Imperative sentences
To report imperative sentences, we can use the structure: reporting verb + object +(not) + to infinitive
e.g. The candidate said to the manager, ‘Please give me five minutes for preparation.’
The candidate asked the manager to give him five minutes for preparation.

24. advise encourage invite recommend warn
There are other verbs that can be used
in this structure to report imperative
sentences:
advise encourage invite recommend warn
e.g. ‘Don’t believe every advertisement you read,’ Michelle said to me.
Michelle advised me not to believe every advertisement I read.

25. 总 结 如果直接引语是一个陈述句，变成间接 引语时用that引导，有时也可省略。
e.g. She said, ‘Father, the boy is very naughty now.’
She told her father (that) the boy was very naughty then.

26. 2. 如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间
接引语时，时态不变。
e.g. ‘Light travels much faster than sound,’ she said to me yesterday.
She told me the day before that light travels much faster than sound.

27. 3. 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去的
时间状语，在变为间接引语时，一
般过去时不必变为过去完成时。
e.g. He said, ‘The great inventor was born in 1884.’
He told me that the great inventor was born in 1884.

28. 4. 如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间
接引语时用whether/if 引导，且用陈述
句语序。
e.g. She asked me, ‘Are you the happiest
person in your family?’
She asked me whether/if I was the
happiest person in my family.

29. 5. 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接
引语时，仍用该特殊疑问词，用陈述句
语序。
e.g. She asked me, ‘When will the
advertisements be on air?’
She asked me when the advertisements
would be on air.

30. 6. 转述祈使句时，我们使用该结构: 转述
动词(ask/ tell/ order/ advise/ remind/
warn/ insist/ suggest/ invite/
encourage… ) + 宾语+ (not) to do
e.g. ‘Go and see a doctor after class,’ my
teacher said to me.
My teacher advised me to go and see
a doctor after class.

31. 2. Wang Qin ________________________
Read Part A on page 11 and practise reporting questions using whether/if or wh-words.
Answers:
2. Wang Qin ________________________
__________________________________.
3. Lu Kai ___________________________
asked how it could help him
remember English words.
asked whether/if it taught listening
and speaking

32. 4. Liu Fang _________________________
_________________________________.
5. Gu Jin ___________________________.
asked what the designer would
do if she was not satisfied with the software
asked whether/if it was easy to use

33. Read the advertising tips on page 11 and report each of them to your boss.
Answers:
2. The expert encourages us to
_________________________________.
3. The expert recommends that
________________________________.
use interesting and attractive photos
we (should) use eye-catching logos

34. 4. The expert suggests that __________
______________________________.
5. The expert tells us to _____________
we (should) make
the slogans short and easy to remember
make good use of
colours to attract people’s attention

35. 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. My classmate asked me ______.
A. had I seen the film three days ago
B. had I seen the film three days before
C. if I had seen the film three days ago
D. whether I had seen the film three
days before

36. 2. He asked me ______ with me.
what the matter is
B. what the matter was
C. what is the matter
D. what was the matter
3. My friend really didn’t know _____ to help the dying boy.
A. what he could do B. how could he do
C. whether he can do D. what can he did

37. 4. Shelly asked Andy _____ water the flowers while she was away.
A. didn’t forget to B. don’t forget to
C. not to forget to D. not forget to
5. She exclaimed (惊呼) ______.
A. what a difficult task it was
B. what it was a difficult task
C. what difficult task it was
D. what task it was difficult

38. 将下列直接引语改为间接引语。
1. Mother said to her little daughter,
‘The earth is not flat but round.’
Mother told her little daughter (that)
the earth is not flat but round.

39. 2. He asked, ‘How are you getting along
with your studies these days, Mary
and Jane?’
He asked Mary and Jane how they were getting along with their studies those days.

40. 3. “Alice, you feed the baby,” Mother said.
Mother asked Alice to feed the baby.
4. “Let’s have a rest,” our teacher said.
Our teacher suggested (that) we have a
rest.
5. “Don’t make this kind of foolish mistake
again,” she said to me.
She told / warned me not to make that
kind of foolish mistake again.

41. Homework
To do Part C2 on Page 92 of the
Workbook.
To preview the Task.