1. Darfur Region in Sudan

2. Geography  Darfur is a state in Sudan.  Located in Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea  Area of Sudan Total: 2,505,813 sq km land: 2.376 million sq km water: 129,813 sq km  Area Comparative: slightly more than one- quarter the size of the US

3. Root Caused of the Conflict  Democratic transition created conflict between Darfur African After Sudan after being independence in 1956,  The economic marginalization in Darfur  Government of Sudan’s (GOS) failure to protect local villagers from attacks by nomadic groups

4. Darfur prior to part of Sudan 18 th and 19 th Centuries Rulled by Muslim Sultan He also controlled Wadai and Kordofan 1870s Conquered by Rabiyh Zubayr A general from Kordofan and Egyptian 1883- 1898 Gained independent back 1916 British conquered Darfur Become part of Sudan 1956 Sudan became independent Created problem between Darfur Arab and Sudanese African

5. Timeline of Conflict in Darfur 2008 – Rebels launch attack in Khartoum but repealed with heavy casualties. 2007- July, Deployment of African Union-United Nations force 2006 – On May,Government and Sudan Liberation of Movement reach peace deal, but boycotted by two rebel groups. 2005 UN Security Council asked individual suspect of crime for trial. 2004 United Nation Official described the campaign againts Darfur as “Ethnic Cleansing”. United Stated called it “Genocide ” 2003 – February Rebels take over Gulu in Darfur. Government deployed troop and militia Janjaweed

6. The Conflict  More than 300,000 people killed  More than 2.6 million forced to live in camp, under tree, in a court yard  Unknown number of women and girls raped  A generation of children has reached school-age not knowing home  Some 4.7 million people are currently directly affected by the conflict, out of a total population of around 6.2 million.

7. Peacekeeping Efforts  October 2004, Sudanese allowed peacekeeper from African Union to protect the refuges  November 2004, Sudanese government banned military fight and it make easy for humanitarian access to the region  April 2005, International Criminal Court of United Nations Security Council wants to try suspected crime, but refused by Sudanese government Con’t

8. Peacekeeping Efforts  May 2006, Government and rebel groups signed cease-fire, but failed to stop the violence  August 2007, United Nation authorized of deployment 26,000 peacekeeping troops Con’t

9. Policy Recommendation to the United Nations 1. Isolated, quarantine, and embargo Darfur and Sudan from getting in help from outside the country. 2. Put a large army of UN peacekeepers in Darfur and Sudan to prevent any violence

10. Sources  Amnesty International USA. http://www.amnestyusa.org/darfur/darfur- history/page.do?id=1351103 http://www.amnestyusa.org/darfur/darfur- history/page.do?id=1351103  CIA – The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/su.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/su.html  International News Safety Institute http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?view=article&catid=45%3A sudan-security&id=5800%3Adarfur-conflict- timeline&option=com_content&Itemid=100255 http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?view=article&catid=45%3A sudan-security&id=5800%3Adarfur-conflict- timeline&option=com_content&Itemid=100255  Unicef http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/sudan_darfuroverview.html  Word Conflict Today, Darfur, Groiler Online http://worldconflictstoday.com/index.php?page_id=180&menu_id =232