1. Transformation of Energy The transformation of energy is when energy is changing from one type into another.

2. Transformation of Energy: Heat Production Friction is created at the interface between two objects where (at least) one of the objects is moving against the other. Friction will often produce heat energy As the meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere it moves against the air molecules within it. This will create friction! The kinetic energy (energy of motion) of the meteoroid is converted to heat and light energy.

3. Transformation of Energy: Potential vs. Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motion. Potential Energy is the energy of position or the amount of “stored” energy an object has. Kinetic and potential energy can be transformed into one another. Old Man of the Mountain White Mountains, New Hampshire This portion of the granite rock face had great potential energy due to its high position above the Earth’s surface. In the spring of 2003, a portion of the rock cliff fell to the Earth. When the cliff fell, its potential energy was converted to kinetic energy.

4. Transformation of Energy: Wavelength Transformation Electromagnetic energy absorbed by an object can be reradiated at a longer wavelength. Energy moves from higher to lower concentrations. The sun has a high concentration of short-wavelength electromagnetic energy. The energy travels through space by radiation to the Earth’s surface. The Earth absorbs the short- wavelength electromagnetic energy and “reradiates” a form of long-wavelength electromagnetic energy into space (infrared radiation).

5. Temperature Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of a object. The temperature of an object is directly related to the amount of thermal energy in it. The particles that make up matter are always in continuous motion (kinetic energy). The greater the kinetic energy within an object, the higher its temperature. y = thermal energy X = temperature Y = kinetic energy X = temperature

6. Temperature A thermometer is an instrument that measures the temperature of an object. The temperature of an object can be determined in one of three scales – Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. RT = Pg. 13 What would the temperature of a rock be in °F if it is 370K? The rock’s temperature ≈ 208 °F

7. Specific Heat Specific Heat is the resistance a material exhibits to being heated or cooled. Specifically, it is the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius. Specific heat is measured in joules – metric unit of energy/work. A substance with a high specific heat takes a longer time to heat up or cool down. RT = Pg. 1 Liquid water has the highest specific heat of all materials found on Earth. Grandma Rosie needs to boil water quickly to cook a pasta dish for unexpected guests. Which pot should she use and why? A) Iron B) Copper C) Lead C) Lead …..Lead has a low specific heat. This means that lead doesn’t resist to being heated. Lead will heat up quickly.