1. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Oral Health and Preventative Techniques Chapter 4

2. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Plaque formation –Demineralization –Dental decay (caries) equation Sugar + plaque = acid + tooth = decay © Cengage Learning 2013

3. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Patient motivation –Assess oral hygiene –Listen to patient

4. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Infants –Parent or caregiver needs to be involved –Should be positive and fun activity © Cengage Learning 2013

5. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Preschool children –Interested in visual aids –First trip to dentist Around age three –Introduction of toothbrush –Attention span short

6. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Children ages five through eight –Attention spans begin to increase –Like immediate goals and positive reinforcement –Manual dexterity improving © Cengage Learning 2013

7. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Children ages nine through twelve –Very concerned with fitting in –Attention span continues to increase –Skills proficient –Often have mixed dentition

8. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Children ages 13 through 15 –Motivated by peer pressure and personal appearance –Nutrition usually poor

9. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Children ages 16 through 19 –Question authority –Time management problematic –Personal appearance very important

10. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Adults ages 19 through 60 –Unlearn bad habits –Diverse backgrounds

11. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Preventive Dentistry Adults over 60 years of age –Desire to keep teeth –May see more restorations and appliances –Declines in health may cause problems in dental health

12. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Dental Check A “Dental All Stars” bulletin board may help motivate which age group achieve proper dental hygiene? –Ages nine through twelve

13. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Home Care Make it simple Be specific to patient and patient goals Encourage Set expectations Develop daily routines

14. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Oral Hygiene Aids Disclosing agents –Identifying dental plaque Dentifrice –Look for ADA approval Mouth rinses –Rinses with fluoride Chewing gum

15. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Oral Hygiene Aids Interdental aids –Interproximal brush –Rubber and wooden dental stimulators –Floss threader –Floss holder –Water irrigation device © Cengage Learning 2013

16. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Dental Check If a patient has open contacts or open bifurcation and trifurcation areas, what dental device might the dental assistant teach the patient to use? –Interproximal brush

17. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Toothbrushes and Techniques Manual toothbrushes Mechanical toothbrushes © Cengage Learning 2013

18. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush Bass or modified bass brushing technique © Cengage Learning 2013

19. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush Charters brushing technique © Cengage Learning 2013

20. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush Modified Stillman brushing technique © Cengage Learning 2013

21. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush Rolling stroke brushing technique © Cengage Learning 2013

22. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush Fones’ brushing technique © Cengage Learning 2013

23. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush Modified scrub © Cengage Learning 2013

24. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Dental Flossing Types of floss –Patient preference and ability © Cengage Learning 2013

25. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Dental Flossing Hygiene care of prosthetic devices –Fixed bridge –Implants –Full and partial dentures –Orthodontic appliances

26. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Oral Hygiene for Patients with Special Needs Pregnant patients Patients with cancer –Xerostomia –Abnormal mouth dryness resulting from radiation or chemotherapy treatments Patients with heart disease Older patients

27. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Oral Hygiene for Patients with Special Needs © Cengage Learning 2013

28. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fluoride History of fluoride in dentistry –Mottled enamel Discolorations Fluoridation –Controversial issue Effects of fluoride Tooth development –Hydroxyl ion –Fluorapatite crystal

29. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fluoride Fluoride in dental plaque –Antibacterial effect Fluoride toxicity –Dangers associated with fluoride ingestion Acute fluoride poisoning extremely rare Chronic fluoride poisoning Enamel hypoplasia

30. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fluoride Benefits of fluoride Forms of fluoride used in dentistry: –Systemic –Topical Fluoride rinses –Not to be swallowed

31. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Fluoride Topical fluoride application –Advantages and disadvantages Neutral –2 percent sodium fluoride 8 percent stannous fluoride 1.23 percent acidulated phosphate fluoride

32. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Dental Check What three minerals are essential for healthy bones and teeth? –Fluoride, calcium, and phosphorous