1. The Bill of Rights Extended In 1791, less than half of the population of the United States enjoyed the full rights of citizenship.

2. Women, African- Americans, and those under 21 Were not granted the same rights as some other AmericansWere not granted the same rights as some other Americans Were not allowed to voteWere not allowed to vote Some were considered propertySome were considered property

3. White males Usually had the most power in American societyUsually had the most power in American society Did not always have the full protection of the Bill of Rights due to the power of the statesDid not always have the full protection of the Bill of Rights due to the power of the states

4. Constitution has changed 27 times Constitution has changed 27 times Some due to changes in conditions and attitudes in societySome due to changes in conditions and attitudes in society Some changed the way government worksSome changed the way government works Some extended rights to the previously ignoredSome extended rights to the previously ignored

5. Eleventh Amendment Lawsuits brought against a state will be tried in state courtLawsuits brought against a state will be tried in state court

6. Twelfth Amendment Changed the procedure for electing the President and the Vice-PresidentChanged the procedure for electing the President and the Vice-President Separate ballots are cast for each office by the electoral collegeSeparate ballots are cast for each office by the electoral college

7. Civil War Amendments Amendments Thirteen, Fourteen, and Fifteen are a direct result of the civil warAmendments Thirteen, Fourteen, and Fifteen are a direct result of the civil war Extended the rights of the African-AmericanExtended the rights of the African-American

8. Thirteenth Amendment Officially ended slavery in the United StatesOfficially ended slavery in the United States Outlawed any sort of forced labor, except as punishment for a crimeOutlawed any sort of forced labor, except as punishment for a crime

9. Fourteenth Amendment Granted full US citizenship to African-AmericansGranted full US citizenship to African-Americans Required that states grant its citizens “equal protection of the laws”, thus treating all citizens equallyRequired that states grant its citizens “equal protection of the laws”, thus treating all citizens equally Forbids state governments from interfering with rights granted by the federal governmentForbids state governments from interfering with rights granted by the federal government

10. Fifteenth Amendment Granted African-American males the right to suffrage (vote)Granted African-American males the right to suffrage (vote) Largely unsuccessful because many states found legal ways to keep African- Americans from votingLargely unsuccessful because many states found legal ways to keep African- Americans from voting –Example: Poll taxes

11. Sixteenth Amendment Authorized Congress to levy the Income TaxAuthorized Congress to levy the Income Tax

12. Seventeenth Amendment Allowed for senators to be elected by the people of the states rather than by appointment of the state legislaturesAllowed for senators to be elected by the people of the states rather than by appointment of the state legislatures

13. Eighteenth Amendment Prohibited the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United StatesProhibited the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States Proved to be difficult to enforceProved to be difficult to enforce Period called ProhibitionPeriod called Prohibition

14. Nineteenth Amendment (1920) gave women the right to vote in all elections(1920) gave women the right to vote in all elections Granted women full citizenshipGranted women full citizenship Some states, such as Wyoming, granted women the right to vote in state elections as early as 1869Some states, such as Wyoming, granted women the right to vote in state elections as early as 1869

15. Twentieth Amendment Made Inauguration Day as January 20 for the President and January 3 for CongressMade Inauguration Day as January 20 for the President and January 3 for Congress Abolished the “Lame Duck” session of CongressAbolished the “Lame Duck” session of Congress If President-elect dies before taking office, Vice-President- elect would become PresidentIf President-elect dies before taking office, Vice-President- elect would become President

16. Twenty-first Amendment Repealed the Eighteenth AmendmentRepealed the Eighteenth Amendment Only amendment ever passed to overturn an earlier amendmentOnly amendment ever passed to overturn an earlier amendment Only amendment ratified by special state conventions instead of the state legislaturesOnly amendment ratified by special state conventions instead of the state legislatures

17. Twenty-second Amendment Placed a two term limit on the PresidencyPlaced a two term limit on the Presidency Passed after President Franklin Roosevelt served 4 terms in office- only President to serve more than 2 termsPassed after President Franklin Roosevelt served 4 terms in office- only President to serve more than 2 terms

18. Twenty-third Amendment Granted Washington, D.C. residents the right to vote in Presidential and Vice- Presidential electionsGranted Washington, D.C. residents the right to vote in Presidential and Vice- Presidential elections

19. Twenty-fourth Amendment Made poll taxes illegal in national electionsMade poll taxes illegal in national elections Affected both African- Americans and poor whites mostly in southern statesAffected both African- Americans and poor whites mostly in southern states Supreme Court ruled in 1966 that poll taxes were also illegal in state electionsSupreme Court ruled in 1966 that poll taxes were also illegal in state elections

20. Twenty-fifth Amendment If the President was to die, resign, or is removed from office the Vice- President would become the PresidentIf the President was to die, resign, or is removed from office the Vice- President would become the President If the Vice-President was to die, resign, or removed from office, the President would appoint a replacement with the approval of CongressIf the Vice-President was to die, resign, or removed from office, the President would appoint a replacement with the approval of Congress

21. Twenty-sixth Amendment The Constitution did not specifically designate a suffrage age- most states set the age at 21The Constitution did not specifically designate a suffrage age- most states set the age at 21 Set the suffrage age at 18 for all elections (1971)Set the suffrage age at 18 for all elections (1971)

22. Twenty-seventh Amendment Gave Congress a pay raiseGave Congress a pay raise