1. Industry, Empire and the Realist Style Industrialism Nationalism Realism

2. Population Changes  During the 19 th Century the population of Europe doubled  Despite 60 million Europeans emigrating US Canada South America Australia/New Zealand

3. Industrial Revolution  1750 to 1850  Starts in England Steam engine Textile production  Rise of factories Mass production Urbanization  Rise of corporations

4. England’s Industries

5. Coal Mining in Britain 18001 ton of coal50,000 miners 185030 tons200,000 miners 1880300 million tons500,000 miners 1914250 million tons1,200,000 miners

6. Young Coal Miners

7. British Pig Iron Production

8. Factory Production  Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor].  Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets].  Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor.

9. Textile Factory Workers in England 1813 2,400 looms 150,000 workers 1833 85,000 looms 200,000 workers 1850224,000 looms>1 million workers

10. The Factory System  Rigid schedule.  12-14 hour day.  Dangerous conditions.  Mind-numbing monotony.

11. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

12. Stereotype of the Factory Owner

13. “Upstairs/Downstairs” Life

14. The Power Loom

15. James Watt’s Steam Engine

16. Steam Ship

17. Steam Ships in the Opium War

18. Steam Locomotive

19. Impact of the Railroad

20. Industrial Staffordshire

21. Percentage of World Manufacturing Output 1750 - 1900

23. Nationalism  Unification of Germany  Unification of Italy  Expansion of Russia  Western economic control of Africa, Latin America and Asia

24. Unification of Italy

25. Unification of Germany

26. Expansion of Russia

27. Colonialism

30. Political Shifts  Democracy Extension of the vote to the working class Suffrage movement  Socialism Based on work of Marx and Engels

31. Suffrage  Emmeline Pankhurst  Women’s Party in 1917: Equal pay for equal work. Equal marriage & divorce laws. A national system of maternity benefits.

32. Representation of the People Act (1918)  Women over 30 got the right to vote.  All men gained suffrage.

33. The Socialists: Utopians and Marxists  The people operate and own the means of production, not individuals.  Goal - society benefits everyone, not just the rich.  Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].

34. Realism  Response to the social and economic consequences of industrialism  Objective and un-idealized  Socially conscious to issues of class and gender

35. Crystal Palace Exhibition 1851

38. Paris Exposition 1889  World’s Fair held in honor of the French Revolution Centennial.  The Eiffel Tower, completed in 1889, served as the entrance to the Fair.

39. Paris Exposition 1889 Gallery of Machinery