1. Architecture

2. Cathedrals Tall, grand stone church France- Gothic style (1200) Built in the shape of a cross

3. Cathedrals Main church of a diocese Bishops, nobles, and townspeople contributed money Often took 30 years or more to build

4. Romanesque Started around 1000 Large stone churches Influence of Roman architecture (round arches, pillars..)

5. Stained Glass Highly skilled and expensive art Usually depicted scenes of Christ or of Saints

8. Innovations Read “Cathedrals of Light” on page 323 and answer the following question in a small paragraph Explain how Gothic builders were able to construct tall cathedrals that appeared light and bright inside. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ra2t3S8jp8w

9. The Medieval Castle Built for protection rather than comfort Early castles were simple (two rooms- a lower hall and a private chamber) In the great hall, the king or lord received guests- food and entertainment

10. Not so great… The stone walls were thick and damp No windows, but narrow slits let in light No chimneys, so the air always had smoke in it Crowded

11. Late Middle Ages Castles were built with many rooms Because of trade increase Then viewed more as homes than strongholds More luxury was added

13. Innovations Page 311 Read the purple box (The Medieval Castle) and answer the questions asked at the beginning of the reading https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6Fn2WtXfis

14. The End of Feudalism The Hundred Years’ War France- the king had greater control England- faced a civil war

15. Civil War Two noble families The House of York (white rose) and the House of Lancaster (red rose) 30 year conflict called the War of the Roses

16. The Tutors 1485, Henry VII of Lancaster defeated the king of York He took a York noblewoman as his wife Began the dynasty of the Tutors

17. Results England grew strong again Parliament was created People changed their allegiance to the king rather than their lords Development of nations (common government, language, culture, and set of ideas Military innovations: gunpowder, longbow

18. Discussion Questions What are the characteristics of a nation? How does a nation develop? Do you think the power of force is necessary in developing a nation? Why was the longbow such an effective weapon against knights on horseback? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oOEW-r0Ac0