1. THE EVE OF REVOLUTION 1700-1775

2. IMMIGRATION  Population grew from less than 300,000 in 1700 to 2.5 million by 1775  Populous Colonies in 1775 Virginia Massachusetts Pennsylvania North Carolina Maryland Populous Cities Philadelphia Boston New York Charlestonj

3. IMMIGRANT GROUPS  Germans: 6% of population by 1775 Escaped religious persecution Economic oppression Pennsylvania Dutch: Deutch Lutherans: 1/3 of Penn. Population Many settled in back country

4. IMMIGRANT GROUPS  Scots-Irish 7% of population by 1775 Scottish lowlanders who had settled in Northern Ireland Presbyterians: hated by Catholic Irish First settled in the backwoods of Pennsylvania: migrated along eastern Appalachia to Maryland, Virginia (Shenandoah Valley), and Western Carolinas Brought whiskey stills to the mountains Resented government Paxton Boys (armed march on Philadelphia in 1764 to protest friendly treatment toward Indians Regulator Movement: North Carolina group who resented eastern control of N.C.

5. OTHER GROUPS  66.3% English or Welsh  20% African: 90% of these in the South  French Huguenots, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, Scottish Highlanders  Group quickly mixed together to create new race of Americans

6. STRUCTURE OF COLONIAL SOCIETY  Most Americans were small farmers: Yeoman farmers  Small class of Artisans in the cities (blacksmiths, silversmiths, merchants, store owners, and doctors)  Aristocrats: Large landowners, wealthy merchants, officials, clergy, and lawyers  Many poor came to the colonies: orphans, widows, and criminals

7. SOUTHERN SOCIETY  Large landholder and slaveholders dominated society  Tenant farming became more common as the 18 th century went on  Slave numbers continued to increase  Many European criminals fled to the South for farm work

8. COLONIAL ECONOMY  90% of people were farmers Tobacco in Maryland and Virginia Grain in Middle Colonies: New York especially Rice in the South Fishing in New England (whaling) Merchant trading in New England and along the coast of the middle colonies.

9. TRADE  Triangular Trade New York, New England, and Pennsylvania housed key harbors Colonies sent Tobacco, Fish, Lumber, rice, indigo, and Flour to England in exchange for Textiles and manufactured goods Africa sent slaves to the West Indies and the Colonies. Sugar and Molasses was sent from West Indies to the colonies in exchange for timber and food. The sugar and molasses were turned into rum in the colonies to be sent to Africa in exchange for slaves. Iron, gunpowder, cloth, and tools also sent to Africa

10. TRIANGULAR TRADE