1. Biofuels for transportation, a challenge for the future Ghislain Gosse

2. An international situation and its consequences  Oil is a fossil energy vector, a finite resource at least for a given price  Oil is very sensitive to geopolitic situation  Oil is a source of greenhouse gases emissions This situation is and will be long-lasting Needs for a renewable energy vector

3. Why the energy question is crucial in the transportation sector ?

4. Transportation sector and energy demand  Transportation sector depends at 98% in oil supply.  Energy demand from transportation will hudgely increase the oil demand.  At the world level : 600 Millions vehicles in 1994 and 1 billion in 2010 (source : IEA & OECD (1994))  Energy savings are now compensated by increase due to security equipment, air conditioning… Annual mean growth rate (2000-2030) Global demand in primary energy +0,7 % Energy consumption in transportation +1,2 %

5. Among the alternatives fuels  Compressed natural gas  Liquified oil gas  Electric car  Biofuels Oil Alcohol Synthesis fuel Non renewable alternatives Solution for clean car in town Biofuels a necessary passage for transportation

6. Food-Fuel, a challenge for the XXI th century time population 2040-2060 9-10 billions Critical period for oil Land availability will be a key criteria

7. In order to minimize competition with food biofuels will have to be produced from an ubiquist raw material with a high yield per unit area Lignocellulose from agriculture, forestry,urban wastes is the best candidate A proposal

8. A strategy for biofuels Sugars Beet Sugar cane & sorghum Starch Cereals Corn, Cassava Oil Rape, Soybean Sunflower Oil methyl ester Ethanol Synthesis fuels Fermentation Thermochemical Process Chemistry Lignocellulose Wood, crop residues Dedicated crops To day To morrow

9. What we need to meet the challenge?  Industrial development of biofuels production based upon classical crops mainly ethanol  Research on biofuel production from lignocellulose

10. A scenario for the future A transient period, A necessary passage on a learning curve towards a sustainable biofuels production Time Oil Alcool Synthesis fuel Classical crops Dry residues Dedicated crops 20032015-2025

11. A national project under implementation Resources research -Quality, Logistic, Environment INRA IFP, INRA, CNRS CEA, IFP, CNRS CNRS IFP INRA Industry Agriculture Forestry structures Industry

12. EU Network of Excellence BIOENERGY Biomass Biofuels for transport Climate issues, Small scale applications Environment, Socio- economics CHP, large scale systems, Forest industry Biogenic Waste to energy Training, Education, dissemination Agrobiomass resources Land use Change Eastern countries resources VTT, Finland IIIEE, Sweden Joanneum Research, Austria ECN, Netherlands EC BREC, Poland INRA France Aston University, UK Forschungzentrum, Germany case studies (1) : > Finland (wood) > Poland > Picardie (straw…) (1) discussion under progress INRA ESR Grignon EGC Grignon Agronomie LRM UMR FARE INRA