1. Serf® Server-side Educational Records Facilitator

2. What Is Serf? Invented in 1997, Serf is a self- paced multimedia learning environment that enables students to navigate a syllabus, access instructional resources, communicate, and submit assignments over the Web. Instructors create courses without having to know HTML.

3. Logging On

4. Viewing the Course

5. Student Control Panel

6. Instructor Options

7. Editing a Serf Syllabus

8. Textual Content (adds text to the current cluster) Class title (starts a new class cluster) Generic title (starts a new generic cluster) Preamble title (starts a new preamble cluster) Multimedia graphic (adds content with a graphic icon and link) Multimedia movie (adds content with a movie icon and link) Multimedia sound (adds content with a sound icon and link) Multimedia Web site (adds content with a Web site icon and link) Observational assignment Web portfolio assignment Web query assignment Submit file assignment True/false question Multiple choice question Fill-in-the-blank question Image map question Short answer question Slider question (Likert scale) Examination (launches a test) Strand (launches a tutorial module) Diagnostic (launches a self-assessment) Survey (administers a questionnaire) Control panel (creates a customized control panel) Menu bar (replaces or augments the current Serf menu bar) Banner (replaces or augments the current banner) Trailer (replaces or augments the current trailer) Kinds of Syllabus Events

9. Creating an Event

10. Editor Viewer

11. Navigating via the Index

12. Editing the Calendar

13. Setting the Date

14. Jumpstarting the Calendar

15. Editing the Style

16. Rostering Students

17. Using the Gradebook

18. Assigning Grades

19. Discussion Forums

20. Controlling Forum Access

21. Reading Forum Topics

22. Writing In a Forum

23. Serf 2.0 Summer 1998 Version 2 added to Serf a testing system that can administer and grade objective test questions in a traditional exam style, or present competency-based tests according to Bloom’s mastery learning model.

24. Kinds of Test Questions True/False Multiple Choice Fill-in-the-Blank Image Map Short Answer Slider (Likert Scale)

25. Editing a Question

26. Editing a Pool

27. Editing a Module Practice vs Graded Weight of Module Criterion Repeats Reviews Deadlines Time frames

28. Editing a Section Relative weight Question pool Random or sequential Length Competency Origin Hide or see scores Time limit Allow skipping questions Allow changing answers Branching on condition

29. Serf 3.0 Summer 1999 Version 3 added support for surveys, diagnostic assessments, and tutorials.

30. Creating a Diagnosis

31. Making a Diagnostic

32. Teaching in the Zone Helping All Students by Giving What They Need, When They Need It

33. Identifying the Zone Vygotsky defined the zone of proximal development as the difference between the difficulty level of a problem a student can cope with independently and the level that can be accomplished with help from others. Systems like Serf identify the zone and provide the help from others.

34. Throwing the Zone Away In traditional teaching, we throw the zone away. Students take tests, the results of which often are never handed back. Students hand in term papers at the end of a course with no chance to rewrite them. We are throwing the zone away.

35. Teaching in the Zone Constructivist teaching via the Web brings the student into the zone. The instructor becomes a coach who helps the student achieve goals. Time shifting makes the process efficient and manageable for student and teacher alike.

36. A Hypothesis The effectiveness of an online learning system is directly related to the degree in which it facilitates teaching in the zone. Methods I use to do this include: Giving the student another try Just-in-time discussion Customized scaffolding Gallery of other students’ work

37. Problem-based Learning The problem with problem-based learning is assessment. How do you assess what each student has contributed in a cooperative learning environment? Systems like Serf solve this problem by logging what each student contributes.