1. Sap ’99 Keynote Distance Learning Symposium As Presented by Dr. Fred T. Hofstetter University of Delaware

2. Emerging Technology and the Future of Education How Technology Will Help Achieve the Goals of the Cognitive Movement in Education

3. “If you can dream it, you can do it.” We are living at an exciting time when technological dreams are coming true. Dreams

4. Moore’s Law It’s been happening ever since, and scientists predict that this trend will continue at least until the year 2010.scientists predict In 1965, Intel’s Chairman, Gordon Moore, predicted that the capacity of a computer chip will double every 18 months.

5. Moore’s Law

6. Al Gore’s Law Computer prices are declining at a rate of 50% per year. Computers will be everywhere. Computers will truly become personal.

7. Wearable Computers Some people think we’ll even wear computers. IBM VisionPad

8. Digitization, Convergence, and Distribution We can digitize anything you can read, see or hear; put it online in a standardized format; and provide worldwide access any time or place.

9. Scan any text

10. Snap any picture

11. Record any sound

12. Capture any video

13. Publish to the Web

14. Deliver Anywhere

15. Distribution Channels Will Change MP3 Case Study Toward Mobile Computing

16. What is MP3? MP3 enables very high CD-quality music to be distributed over the Web. MP3MP3 is an audio file format based on one of the MPEG audio layers. Some artists are beginning to release music in MP3 format on the Web before distributing it on audio CDs.

17. Free MP3 Downloads One of the MP3 songs is “Time Has Told Me” from the hit country music album What I Deserve, by Kelly Willis. Go to the free download section of amazon.comamazon.com

18. Rio Rio is a $150 pager-sized computer that plays MP3 files. But that’s all it does.

19. Cassiopeia It can play MP3 files as well as run Windows. Cassiopeia is a $400 hand-held computer.

20. More Storage IBM’s MicroDrive will increase the storage of handheld computers.MicroDrive

21. Mobile Computing Cassiopeia and other hand-held devices can also connect to the Internet via wireless technologies. Microsoft MobileMicrosoft Mobile® has just begun to release an exciting series of wireless technologies and services. You can even get e-mail on your pager.

22. Remote Control Expensive laboratory equipment will be made available over the Net through remote control. For example, students can schedule a time to use a scanning electron microscope at BugScope.BugScope

23. IridiumIridium Low-Orbit Satellites SitesAliveSitesAlive transmits live experiences from anywhere in the world.live experiences

24. Where Matters Not “On the Internet, there’s no there.” Anna Paquin MCI commercial

25. Implications for Education Behavioralism versus Constructivism

26. From Instructor to Constructor Much of what happens in the traditional classroom was influenced by the behaviorist movement, which dominated American psychology from about 1920 to 1970.

27. B. F. Skinner Chief among the behaviorists was Skinner, who saw that human behavior is powerfully shaped by its consequences.

28. Outcomes Skinner felt that psychology was essentially about behavior, and that behavior was largely determined by its outcomes.

29. Education Requires More Although Skinnerian methods have been effective in training, the behaviorists fell short of what is most important in education for most educators. To educate, you must do more than modify behavior.

30. Strategies for Learning To educate, you must help the student develop strategies for learning. Such is the goal of the cognitive movement in education.

31. Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology portrays learners as active processors of information. Students learn better when they can invent knowledge through inquiry and experimentation instead of memorizing facts presented in a teacher-dominated classroom.

32. Traditional Classrooms It is difficult for a teacher to provide this kind of environment for each student in a traditional classroom. Since there is only one teacher for many students, it is physically impossible for a teacher to support each student’s individual needs.

33. World Wide Web The World Wide Web helps by providing students with an interconnected world of knowledge to explore.

34. Downloading Screen capture and downloading enable students to collect what they discover and construct a framework for organizing and understanding.

35. Active Processors Since the learner is portrayed as an active processor, the trend to teach from this perspective is known as the constructivist movement in education.

36. From Push to Pull People prefer to pull their own information off the Internet, rather than have it pushed on them. People are thereby predisposed to constructivism. The recent decline in popularity of the PointCast network teaches us something important about the public we teach. PointCast network

37. Instructional Management Systems Redefining the Teaching and Learning Infrastructure

38. The Node Perhaps the best site for studying the current state of Instructional Management Systems is The Node.The Node Follow the link to the Independent Eye, where you'll find an invaluable source of comparisons and critical reviews of the leading Web-based teaching and learning packages.comparisons and critical reviews

41. Asynchronous Learning Network The Asynchronous Learning Network is a valuable resource for keeping track of new developments in Instructional Management Systems.Asynchronous Learning Network Follow the link to ALN Products for a complete listing of Web-based instructional management systems and communication environments on the market today.ALN Products

44. IMS Project Sponsored by EDUCAUSE, the IMS Project is creating a set of standards for defining protocols for the interoperability of instructional management systems.EDUCAUSEIMS Project

46. Serf® Server-side Educational Records Facilitator

47. What Is Serf? Invented in 1997, Serf is a self- paced multimedia learning environment that enables students to navigate a syllabus, access instructional resources, communicate, and submit assignments over the Web. Instructors create courses without having to know HTML.

48. Logging On

49. Viewing the Course

50. Student Control Panel

51. Instructor Options

52. Editing a Serf Syllabus

53. Textual Content (adds text to the current cluster) Class title (starts a new class cluster) Generic title (starts a new generic cluster) Preamble title (starts a new preamble cluster) Multimedia graphic (adds content with a graphic icon and link) Multimedia movie (adds content with a movie icon and link) Multimedia sound (adds content with a sound icon and link) Multimedia Web site (adds content with a Web site icon and link) Observational assignment Web portfolio assignment Web query assignment Submit file assignment True/false question Multiple choice question Fill-in-the-blank question Image map question Short answer question Slider question (Likert scale) Examination (launches a test) Strand (launches a tutorial module) Diagnostic (launches a self-assessment) Survey (administers a questionnaire) Control panel (creates a customized control panel) Menu bar (replaces or augments the current Serf menu bar) Banner (replaces or augments the current banner) Trailer (replaces or augments the current trailer) Kinds of Syllabus Events

54. Creating an Event

55. Editor Viewer

56. Navigating via the Index

57. Editing the Calendar

58. Setting the Date

59. Jumpstarting the Calendar

60. Editing the Style

61. Rostering Students

62. Using the Gradebook

63. Assigning Grades

64. Discussion Forums

65. Controlling Forum Access

66. Reading Forum Topics

67. Writing In a Forum

68. Serf 2.0 Summer 1998 Version 2 added to Serf a testing system that can administer and grade objective test questions in a traditional exam style, or present competency-based tests according to Bloom’s mastery learning model.

69. Kinds of Test Questions True/False Multiple Choice Fill-in-the-Blank Image Map Short Answer Slider (Likert Scale)

70. Editing a Question

71. Editing a Pool

72. Editing a Module Practice vs Graded Weight of Module Criterion Repeats Reviews Deadlines Time frames

73. Editing a Section Relative weight Question pool Random or sequential Length Competency Origin Hide or see scores Time limit Allow skipping questions Allow changing answers Branching on condition

74. Serf 3.0 Summer 1999 Version 3 added support for surveys, diagnostic assessments, and tutorials.

75. Creating a Diagnosis

76. Making a Diagnostic

77. DOL Databases The Department of Labor is creating a suite of Web sites to help people get a career and obtain the training necessary to qualify for a job in their chosen field. Every American will have a Career Management Account and a Lifelong Learning Portfolio.

78. America’s Job Bank America’s Job Bank lets you track job searches, post your resume, create cover letters and develop a personal on-line Career Kit to facilitate your job search.

85. America’s Learning Exchange America’s Learning Exchange is a free electronic marketplace connecting people to the training and education they need. Job seekers find who’s offering the training they need to qualify for a job.

91. Digital Video On Demand Master Teaching Any Time, Any Place

92. MPEGMPEG is an industry-wide digital video standard that’s being used in DirecTV, DVD, and HDTV. MPEG Video MPEG has compact-disc quality audio and can do 5.1 surround sound.

93. Satellite TV Beware of DirecTV, however, because recent court rulings have blocked satellite access to ABC, CBS, and NBC.blocked satellite access DirecTVDirecTV uses MPEG to bring you high- quality digital television with surround sound via satellites and 18-inch dishes.

94. DVD Fastest rollout in media history. Profitable in the first year. DVD uses MPEG to play movies.

95. HDTV HDTV will replace NTSC. Eventually, everyone will buy a new TV. George Gilder’s vision of a telecomputer may be realized. Uses MPEG to transmit video.

96. Master Teachers On Demand Guitar lessons from PlayMusic.comPlayMusic.com

97. Videoconferencing Multipoint videoconferencing will eliminate the need to keep students in concrete physical spaces called classrooms. Videoconferencing is a real-time application of digital video.

98. NetMeeting Teachers and students can be anywhere. As Paquin said, “there is no there.” Microsoft has integrated NetMeeting video- conferencing software across the entire Office 2000 platform. NetMeeting

99. PowerPoint Broadcast PowerPoint’s new Presentation Broadcast feature can be used to put presentations onto the Web, complete with audio and video of the presenter. Presentation Broadcast

100. Coping with the Future The future changes before it gets here.

101. Multi Multimedia Vendors create these competing standards to differentiate their products. Educators must help vendors understand this is self-defeating. The term “Multi Multimedia” refers to the multiple standards for multimedia.

102. Keeping Up Here are the best ways to keep up with emerging technology. All of these are free: NewMedia Magazine T.H.E. Journal www.newmedia.com/radar NewsScan TOURBUS

103. Two Textbooks ISBN 0-07-029387-2 ISBN 0-07-913107-7

104. Artwork Credits The author wishes to thank artist Roy Scott for granting permission to show these images from his portfolio as part of this presentation.Roy Scottportfolio

105. Here’s a closing quote from Alan Kay, VP of R&D at Walt Disney Imagineering. “The best way to predict the future is to invent it.” You can run this presentation online at www.udel.edu/fth/necc99