1. Cognitive Approach The way I think is the way I behave…

2. Focuses of Cognitive Approach The PROCESSES of thinking and memory Attention Imagery Creativity Problem solving Language use

3. Different from Learning approach (Behaviorists) Concerned with mental processes Concerned with what humans can perceive and communicate Focused on the mind. Literature frequently refers to the BLACK BOX of mental processing (we can’t see mental processing…) Use animals for MEMORY research

4. Big-deal Cognitive folks Noam Chomsky –Theories of language acquisition Norbert Wiener –computer simulations of thought… worked with cybernetics… tried to get computers to respond to different situations. Wolfgang Kohler –Gestalt theory… our mind fills in the blanks of perception (see next slide)

5. Happy/Sad/Surprised/Angry/Disgusted/Fearful ? Can You Tell ?

7. Gestalt Theory Gestalt is a german word that means Pattern Shape Figure Form Whole It is a theory that suggests we look at things as a whole… and we process information as a whole…

8. Gestalt Theory- everything is view in context… In learning, opposed to the reductionism of behaviourism, it concentrates on the way in which the mind insists on finding patterns in things, and how this contributes to learning, especially the development of “insight”.behaviourism

9. Gestalt slides A vase or two faces? According to the Gestalt theory, our mind can only see one image at a time.

10. Gestalt puzzle

11. To solve the puzzle, one must look at the whole concept or image…

12. Closure is a big gestalt concept

13. Mentally, we close the pictures … how could you interpret A,B,C,D?

15. How is thinking different from learning?

16. Thinking VS Learning Thinking More complex than learning Manipulates representations of the environment Applies perceptions, makes associations, furthers current cause Stimulus-stimulus reactions Learning Learning is stimulus- response interactions.

17. Activity Cognitive approach… Explain how it is different than the biological and behaviorist approach Which approach appeals to you the most? ADHD: This is a life-long issue for some people. How does each approach treat ADHD?

18. Two types of thinking Non-directed thinking Has no destination Reverie Free association Mind-wandering fantasy Directed thinking Aims toward a goal Problem solving Critical thinking Creativity Reasoning

19. Problem solving Convergent thinking Searches for one solution to a problem. Uses logic to find the ‘one right answer’ like in math problems Categorize events, and filter out the correct answer Divergent thinking Used in playing chess (several options must be considered…) Imagines many solutions Creativity is often measured by how many different solutions someone can come up with for a problem.