1. Introduction to Basketball
Coach Petruzelli 2014

2. Dr. James Naismith Springfield, Mass, in 1891
Created at the YMCA in Springfield Massachusetts. Naismith used peach baskets and soccer balls and created 13 simple rules to govern the game.
Basketball became an Olympic event in 1936.
Basketball became a professional sport in 1949, when the NBA was developed. In 1997, the WNBA was developed as the first professional women’s league.
The shot clock was used in the NBA for the first time in 1954 to make the games more exciting and forcing teams to try to score instead of just maintaining possession.

3. The 13 Original Rules The ball may be thrown with one or both hands.
The ball may be batted, but never with the fist or foot.
A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it.
The ball must be held by the hands.
No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent.
A foul is striking at the ball with the fist.
If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents.
A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket.
When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown in by the first person touching it.
The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls.
The referee shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs.
The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between.
The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. 

4. The Rim & Backboard The ball is approximately 9 inches in diameter.
The rim is exactly 10 feet from the floor.
The free-throw line is exactly 15 feet from the backboard.
The diameter of a regulation basketball rim is 18 inches.
The rim is 6 inches from the backboard.
The standard backboard is rectangle which measures 6 feet wide by 3.5 feet high. (72 inches by 42 inches)
The outlined box on the backboard is 18 inches high and 2 feet wide.

5. The Court

6. THE COURT
Frontcourt- refers to the half court where your team’s offensive basket is located.
Backcourt- includes the mid-court line and the half of the court where your opponent’s basket is located.
The lines on the court are out of bounds so touching the line or having the ball touch the line means that the ball is out of bounds.
The lines under the baskets are called Baselines, and the lines on the sides are called Sidelines. The line in the middle of the court is the Half-court line, which separates the Frontcourt and Backcourt.
Three-second lane is a 19 by 12 foot rectangular area that extends from the baseline under the basket to the free-throw line.   
Perimeter- is the area outside the three-second lane.
Three-point line - marks a semicircle that is 19 feet (23’9” for NBA) from the basket at all points.  Shots made from behind, not on, that line are worth 3 points, instead of 2. 

7. 3 Major Individual Skills
Shooting
Dribbling
Passing

8. SHOOTING The B-E-E-F Method
B- Balance. Square up their body and balance the ball on the pads of their hands, over the elbow and shooting knee to allow you to focus on the target.
E- Eyes focused on the target, not the ball or defense.
E- Elbow in and under the ball so that the ball stays straight.
F- Follow through on the shot so that fingertips are the last part of your hand touching the ball as you release.

9. Dribbling Dribbling was not in original rules set by Naismith.
To maintain possession of the ball while moving, a player must dribble the basketball
You can run with the ball only if you bounce the ball downwards in a continuous motion.
You are never allowed to pick up the ball or stop it from falling, but you can guide the ball side to side and push it down to bounce up.
You can only run with the ball if you dribble without committing a violation.

10. 4 Basic Dribble Moves
The Crossover is used to change direction or improve your offensive position by quickly changing your dribbling hand to keep the ball away from defenders.
Between-the-Legs dribble is used when being closely guarded and you need to change directions.
Behind-the-Back dribble is a great way to keep the ball away from the defender without really having to slow down.
Spin Dribble is used to keep the ball away from defenders while changing directions. When used correctly, it is very effective, but the dribbler does lose sight of the court while performing the spin move.

11. Passing and Catching
Naismith meant basketball as a team game and to get people moving in competition.
Passing and catching are vital to any team.
Keep away (possession) was a major strategy prior to using the shot clock.
Team offenses need to work on passing more than any other skill in the game.

12. 4 Basic Passes
Chest Pass can be used quickly and accurately from most positions on the floor.  It is named so because the ball is thrown with two hands from the passer’s chest to the receiver’s chest area.  A player should follow through with his fingers pointed at the target and thumps down.
Bounce Pass should be used when a person is closely guarded.  The ball should be bounced two-thirds of the way between themselves and the receivers.   The bounce pass is a slower pass than the chest, but if precise, a much more effective pass for scoring opportunities.
Overhead Pass are used when they are closely guarded and they have to pass over their defender.  An overhead pass can be used to hit the outlet pass to start a fast break or a lob pass to a player cutting backdoor to the basket, or for feeding the person posting up on the block.  
The Baseball Pass is the ideal way to deliver a long pass if you are not closely guarded.

13. Secondary skills Footwork. Everything begins with a good foundation.
Rebounding.  If you get more possessions, you get more shots. 
Transition. The fast-break.
Defense. “Man” or “Zone”

14. Fouls
Basketball can be a contact sport.  Fouls are called when officials see illegal physical contact between two or more players. 
A person is no longer allowed to play in the game once they have reached 5 personal fouls. 
Depending on how many fouls a team has committed or if the foul was committed while a shot was being attempted, free-throws may awarded.
A shooting foul is where a defender makes contact with a player who is shooting the basketball.  This type of foul results in a free throw.  The offensive player will shoot 2 free throws if they are shooting inside the 3-point arch or 3 free throws if they are shooting behind the 3-point arch.
Once a team has reached the 7 team fouls, the opposing team is then in a bonus situation regardless of whether they were shooting, shooting a 1-and-1 situation. After 10 fouls, the opposing team is in a double-bonus situation. 

15. Types of FOULS
Blocking is physically impeding the progress of another player who is still moving.
Charging is running into or pushing a defender who is stationary.
Holding is restricting the movement of an opponent.
Over the back is infringing on the vertical plane of, and making contact with, a player who is in position and attempting to rebound.
Reaching in is extending an arm and making contact with a ball handler in an attempt to steal the ball.
Tripping is extending a leg or foot and causing an opponent to lose balance or fall. 
Illegal screen is where an offensive person tries to block a defender and makes contact with them. 
Technical Foul is a foul where someone has done something unsportsmanlike. Swearing or profane language can result in technical fouls. Having too many people on the court or a coach not following guidelines can be given technical fouls. An intentional foul is a certain type of technical foul where someone purposely creates an unsafe contact by not going after the ball. Technical fouls result in not only a foul shot, but also possession of the ball.

16. Violations: Infractions in the rules where a team loses possession of the ball.
5-second violation – The team with the ball has five seconds to inbound the ball or possession is awarded to the opposite team. This is one of the original 13 rules that still remains in today’s game.
3-second violation – A player from the offensive team must exit the three-second lane before three seconds are up or the opposing team is given the ball.
Shot clock violation – Since 1954, the NBA instituted a shot clock to speed the game of basketball up so that stalling would stop playing a major factor in the games. Some states still have high school basketball play without a shot clock.
Backcourt Violation - is the return of the ball to the backcourt by an offensive player after he or she has crossed into the frontcourt.
Ball handling violations occur very often.  A turnover (a loss of the ball to the defense) occurs due to some of these violations.
Carrying the ball is when a player turns the ball a complete rotation in the hand between dribbles. 
Double dribble is resuming dribbling after having stopped, or dribbling with both hands at the same time. Once you stop dribbling, you have five seconds to shoot or pass the ball.
Traveling is taking more than one step without dribbling. 

17. Basketball Today Team basketball is limited to 5-on-5 full-court.
3-on-3 half court has become very popular in compeititons and tournaments, but not much in leagues.
50 million people play on a basketball team every year.
Has gone from small gyms to multi-billion dollar arenas which can hold up to 100,000 fans.

18. P.E. Basketball Activities
Line Basketball
King of the lane
2-on-2 Passing
Naismith Basketball
3-on-3 Half Court
5-on-5 Full Court
Mikan Drill Competition
P-I-G or H-O-R-S-E
Around the World
Knockout
Dribble Relays
Dribble-Tag
Skill Stations

19. For Further information, go to:
NBA.com or WNBA.com for professional basketball information.
hoophall.com for the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame or
wbhof.com for the women’s hall of fame.
NYSbasketball.net for high school basketball information in New York State.

20. The notes can be found online at OLLCHS.org
Test will be on
December 15th and 16th.