1. Chapter 26 Energy Resources

2. Transfer of Solar Energy The energy that humans and The energy that humans and

3. The energy stored in organic materials is released when they are burned. The energy stored in organic materials is released when they are burned. Transfer of Solar Energy Traditional sources of energy, Traditional sources of energy,

4. Traditional Sources of Energy Humans have been able to survive in Humans have been able to survive in Fuels are materials that are Fuels are materials that are Traditional fuels include renewable resources such as Traditional fuels include renewable resources such as

5. Traditional Sources of Energy Wood – Humans have been using People living in developing countries use half of the world ’s People living in developing countries use half of the world ’s In industrialized countries, trees are cut down for lumber and paper production rather than fuel. In industrialized countries, trees are cut down for lumber and paper production rather than fuel.

6. Traditional Sources of Energy Field Crops – Humans use other materials, The simplest way to use The simplest way to use Crop residues left after Crop residues left after

7. Traditional Sources of Energy Fecal Material – Feces are the – In many cases, – Fecal material from cows often

8. Traditional Sources of Energy Peat – Bogs are poorly drained areas with – large mats on top of the water, accumulate as they die. – Peat is a light, – Highly decomposed peat burns with greater fuel efficiency than wood.

9. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are energy sources that formed over geologic time as a Fossil fuels are energy sources that formed over geologic time as a Fossil fuels are considered to be Fossil fuels are considered to be Fossil fuels include peat, coal, natural gas, and petroleum. Fossil fuels include peat, coal, natural gas, and petroleum. The high concentration of carbon and hydrogen in fossil fuels makes them very efficient energy sources. The high concentration of carbon and hydrogen in fossil fuels makes them very efficient energy sources. All fossil fuels originated from organic matter trapped in sedimentary rock. All fossil fuels originated from organic matter trapped in sedimentary rock.

10. Fossil Fuels Coal – Lignite is a – peat and has carbon concentrations of around 40 percent. – Bituminous coal is the – Anthracite is the most efficient and most cleanly burning coal with carbon concentrations of 90 to 95 percent. – Bituminous coal is the most widely used coal in the United States although carbon and sulfur and nitrogen oxides are released into the air when it burns.

11. Fossil Fuels Petroleum and Natural Gas – Petroleum refers to the – Crude oil is a mixture of – Oil originated organically as organisms died and fell to the – Bacteria that do not require oxygen partially decomposed the accumulated organisms and released methane, which is one of the components of natural gas.

12. Alternative Energy Resources Most people rely on Most people rely on Some experts estimate that petroleum resources may be used up within the next 60 years. Some experts estimate that petroleum resources may be used up within the next 60 years. Renewable alternatives to Renewable alternatives to

13. Solar Energy Passive Solar Heating – The Sun can heat up the inside of a – The Sun ’ s energy also can be captured to be released during the – – Passive solar designs can provide up to

14. Solar Energy Passive Solar Heating

15. Solar Energy Active Solar Heating – Active solar-heating systems include collectors such as solar panels that – Heat collected by the solar panels can be used to heat a house directly, or it can be stored for later use in insulated tanks that contain rocks, water, or a heat- absorbing chemical.

16. Solar Energy Solar Cookers – Solar cookers can be – A solar cooker can be as simple as an

17. Solar Energy Photovoltaic Cells – Photovoltaic cells are thin, – The electricity produced by photovoltaic cells can be stored in batteries. – It is estimated that

19. Energy from Water Hydroelectric power is Hydroelectric power is Hydroelectric power currently provides about Hydroelectric power currently provides about One advantage of One advantage of Dams built to harness hydroelectric power have negative impacts including Dams built to harness hydroelectric power have negative impacts including

21. Energy from Water Energy from the Oceans – The kinetic energy in waves, which is – Barriers built across – While power from moving ocean water is

23. Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy is energy produced by Geothermal energy is energy produced by Abundant at some surface locations usually coinciding with plate boundaries, geothermal energy can be harnessed to heat homes and businesses and generate electricity. Abundant at some surface locations usually coinciding with plate boundaries, geothermal energy can be harnessed to heat homes and businesses and generate electricity. If developed, geothermal reservoirs in the United States could possibly If developed, geothermal reservoirs in the United States could possibly

25. Wind Energy The wind turbines on a wind farm convert the The wind turbines on a wind farm convert the Most of the wind farms in the United States are currently in California, although North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas have the best locations. Most of the wind farms in the United States are currently in California, although North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas have the best locations. Wind power could supply more than Wind power could supply more than

27. Nuclear Energy During nuclear fission, During nuclear fission, Uranium is a radioactive element that is commonly used in the production of nuclear energy. Uranium is a radioactive element that is commonly used in the production of nuclear energy. Nuclear power plants do not produce Nuclear power plants do not produce After 50 years, 424 nuclear reactors in 25 countries currently are producing only 17 percent of the world ’ s electricity. After 50 years, 424 nuclear reactors in 25 countries currently are producing only 17 percent of the world ’ s electricity. No new No new

28. Biomass Biomass is a renewable energy resource as. Biomass is a renewable energy resource as. Bacteria and chemical processes can be used to convert solid biomass into gaseous and liquid biofuels, such as biogas, liquid ethanol, and liquid methanol. Bacteria and chemical processes can be used to convert solid biomass into gaseous and liquid biofuels, such as biogas, liquid ethanol, and liquid methanol. A disadvantage of A disadvantage of

29. Biomass Biogas – a mixture of gases that includes – Plant and animal wastes can be converted into methane gas in simple containers, called digesters, by the action of bacteria. – In the digesters,

30. Biomass Ethanol and Methanol – Liquid ethanol is another name for – Gasohol is gasoline mixed with

31. Conservation of Energy Resources Although fossil fuels are Although fossil fuels are

32. Conservation of Energy Resources The best way to meet energy needs is a The best way to meet energy needs is a

33. Energy Efficiency Conservation of Energy Resources – There are many ways that you could conserve energy at home, at school, and in the workplace. – Conserving energy is, in the long run,

34. Getting More for Less Higher energy demand requires a greater supply and results in higher costs. Higher energy demand requires a greater supply and results in higher costs. In the United States, approximately In the United States, approximately Shifting to the more efficient use of energy rather than the search for m Shifting to the more efficient use of energy rather than the search for m

35. Getting More for Less – Cogeneration is the production of – Cogeneration can produce income and reduce the need for additional energy resources.

36. Getting More for Less Improving Efficiency in Transportation – Conservation practices can help The use of fuel-efficient vehicles and driving at lower speeds reduces the The use of fuel-efficient vehicles and driving at lower speeds reduces the Using bicycles, public transportation, or carpooling reduces the number of vehicles on the roads which in turn reduces gasoline consumption. Using bicycles, public transportation, or carpooling reduces the number of vehicles on the roads which in turn reduces gasoline consumption. Computers and access to the Computers and access to the

37. Getting More for Less Improving Efficiency in Industry – Cogeneration has allowed some industries to increase – Industries can further improve their

38. Getting More for Less Increasing Efficiency at Home – The use of energy-efficient – The use of building – Incorporating passive and active solar heating in new buildings can reduce the consumption of traditional energy resources. – New buildings that are designed to

39. Sustainable Energy Energy resources on Earth are interrelated, meaning that they affect one another. Energy resources on Earth are interrelated, meaning that they affect one another. Sustainable energy involves the global management of Earth ’ s natural resources to Sustainable energy involves the global management of Earth ’ s natural resources to A good management plan incorporates A good management plan incorporates Global cooperation can help ensure the Global cooperation can help ensure the