1. Envi Sci Brianna Barkus

2. Essential Question-How do humans affect the Earth’s natural cycles? Warm-up- Write a one paragraph hypothesis of whether you think the Gulf of Mexico will be impacted in the future due to the oil spill in 2010 (4.9 million barrels of oil were spilled!). Use facts from the movie.

3. Water Pollution

4. Where do Water pollutants come from? Point Sources – A single definable source of the pollution, e.g. a factory, a sewage plant, etc. Point-source pollution is usually monitored and regulated. Non-point sources – No one single source, but a wide range of sources, e.g. runoff from urban areas, or farmland. Non-point sources are much more difficult to monitor and control.

5. Pollution of Water 1. Industrial pollution 2. Surface pollution 3. Groundwater contamination 4. Sewage pollution 5.Oil pollution 6.Thermal pollution

6. Sources of Water pollution

7. Water pollutants Industrial Effluents This waste water may contain acids, alkalis, salts, poisons, oils and in some cases harmful bacteria. Mining and Agricultural Wastes Mines, especially gold and coal mines, are responsible for large quantities of acid water. Agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides may wash into rivers and stagnant water bodies. Sewage Disposal and Domestic Wastes Sewage as well as domestic and farm wastes were often allowed to pollute rivers and dams.

8. Water pollution

9. Non-persistent (degradable) Water pollutants Domestic sewage Fertilizers Some industrial wastes

10. Non-persistent (degradable) water pollutants These compounds can be broken down by chemical reactions or by natural bacteria into simple, non-polluting substances such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. if the pollution load is high, this process can lead to low oxygen levels and eutrophication. This damage is reversible.

11. Persistent Water pollutants some pesticides (e.g., DDT, dieldrin) some leachate components from landfill sites (municipal, industrial) petroleum and petroleum products PCBs, dioxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) radioactive materials such as strontium-90, cesium-137, radium-226, and uranium metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium

12. Persistent Water pollutants This is the most rapidly growing type of pollution This includes substances that degrade very slowly or cannot be broken down at all; They may remain in the aquatic environment for years or longer periods of time. The damage they cause is either irreversible or repairable only over decades or centuries

13. Other water quality pollutants warm water from cooling towers (thermal pollution) floating debris garbage foam These physical pollutants interfere mainly with the usability and/or aesthetic appeal of the water. In certain cases, thermal pollution can kill fish.

14. Industrial Water pollution Industries discharge a variety of pollutants in their wastewater including heavy metals, resin pellets, organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and solids.

15. Eutrophication Increases in nutrient loading may lead to eutrophication. Organic wastes such as sewage impose high oxygen demands on the receiving water leading to oxygen depletion.

16. Sediment Pollution

18. Acid rain Acid rain is formed when moisture in the clouds mixes with sulfur or nitrogen in the air. Acid rain includes rain, sleet or snow with a pH level that falls below 5.6 (normal rainwater). The sulfur and nitrogen get into the air by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline. The average pH of rainfall is 4.3.

20. River pollution Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world. Three times as many bacteria from human waste as the global average 20 times more lead than rivers in industrialized countries.

21. Mass fish kills

22. Plastic waste in water Each year, plastic waste in water and coastal areas kills up to: 100,000 marine mammals, 1 million sea birds, and countless fish.

23. Oil Pollution of water Both Point and Nonpoint Sources Largest source of oil pollution is pipeline leaks and runoff –61% ocean oil pollution river & urban runoff –30% intentional discharges from tankers –5% accidental spills from tankers

24. Safe Drinking Water Act set the maximum contaminant level for drinking water Clean Water Act pertained to improving quality of rivers, lakes, aquifers, estuaries, and coastal waters Laws Controlling Water Pollution

25. Water Pollution Foldable Create foldable of the 4 different types of water pollution. –INdustry –Mining –Agricultural –Sewage Describe the pollutant and decide whether it is a persistent pollutant or nonpersistent. Finally describe how this pollutant could be a point source or a nonpoint source (Yes it could be both, just tell me why!)