1. FOR WORLD LITERATURE II FALL 2010 – R. RAMOS INFO ADAPTED FROM PAUL FLESHER ALL MATERIAL © COPYRIGHT 1998. THIS PAGE LAST UPDATED ON OCTOBER 28, 1998PAUL FLESHER HTTP://UWACADWEB.UWYO.EDU/RELIGION ET/ER/ISLAM/IHIST.HTM A Brief History of Islam: Rise, Expansion, Current Issues, and Orientalism

2. Islamic World Today

3. Life & Death in the Arabian Peninsula Map of “Arabia before the Prophet” Mohammed's birth in Mecca (570) Mohammed marries Khadija (595) Mohammed begins receiving the Quran (611) Hijra to Medina (622) Mohammed's followers conquer Mecca (630) Mohammed dies (632) Origins—Mohammed (570 AD-632 AD)

4. Formative stage— Four Righteous Caliphs (632-661) The Early Empires— Classical Islam (661-1258) Abu Bakr (632-634) Islam moves West to Egypt, North to Syria, East to Iran. Umar (634-644) Text of Quran established Uthman (644-656) Ali (656-661) Islam moves West across N. Africa to Spain, East to India, and north to Samarkand. Umayyad Dynasty (661-750) Shia group separates from rest of ummah (Sunni) (680s) Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) Ismaili Shia founded (765) Twelver Shia founded (874) Fatimid Dynasty in Egypt (909- 1171) Authoritative Hadith ( prophetic traditions ) collections (800s-900s) Christian Crusades to the Holy Land (1095-1270) Expansion of and Changes in Islam after Mohammed’s Death

5. Map of the Expansion of Islam, by 800 AD

6. The Later Empires (1258- 1918) Modern Period: 20 th & 21 st Century Dehli Sultanates of North India (1200-1526) Muslim States in Southern India (1350-1680) Ottoman Empire (1380-1918) Ottomans conquer Christian-ruled Constantinople, rename it Istanbul (1453) Christians drive last of Muslims out of Spain. (1492) Safavid dynasty in Iran (1501-1799) Mughal dynasty in India (1526-1857) Taj Mahal completed (1654) Napolean invades Egypt (1798) Christian colonization of N. Africa and Middle East (1815-1900) Ottoman Empire divided among European powers (1918) Muslim Brotherhood founded in Egypt (1928) Arab-Israel war (1948) Palestine Liberation Organization founded (1964) Iranian revolution (1979) Liberation of countries from various European colonial rule (1919-1984) First Gulf War in Iraq (1991-1992) Taliban rule of Afghanistan (1994- 2001) 9/11/2001 Terrorist attacks by al- Qaida, funded by Saudi Arab Osama bin Laden War in Afghanistan (2001-present) Second Gulf War in Iraq ( 2003-present) Islam in the next 800 Years

7. In 1900 After World War I, 1918 The Ottoman Empire Dismembered in the 20 th Century

8. YOUTUBE VIDEO: HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=BJLRR-QRKCC Edward Said on “Orientalism”