1. The Moors, The Ottomans, The Safavids, and the Mughals
Islamic Empires
The Moors,
The Ottomans,
The Safavids,
and the Mughals

2. Objectives Define a caliph.
Name places that Islam spread through conquest.
Describe the treatment of non-Muslims conquered by the Muslims.
Explain who the Janissaries were.
Contrast the differences between Sunni and Shia beliefs about caliphs.

3. Abu Bakr became leader of the Muslims when Muhammad died.
Terms and People
I’m in charge here!
Abu Bakr became leader of the Muslims when Muhammad died.
Caliph is the highest leader of the Muslims.
Janissaries were fierce Ottoman soldiers fighting for Islam.
Mehmed II was the Muslim that conquered Constantinople.

4. Shia believe that only Muhammad’s descendants can become Caliph.
Terms and People
Shia believe that only Muhammad’s descendants can become Caliph.
Sunni don’t think Caliphs have to be related to Muhammad.
Tolerance is allowing people to live their own lives.
Shia
Sunni

5. Shia believe that only Muhammad’s descendants can become Caliph.
After Mohammed’s death, the Muslims chose Abu Bakr as the next leader.
The leaders after Mohammed’s death are called caliphs.
Shia believe that only Muhammad’s descendants can become Caliph.
Sunni don’t think Caliphs have to be related to Muhammad.
A dispute arose over who could become caliph.
Abu Bakr

6. Before 750 AD, Muslims had conquered the rest of North Africa, Spain, and parts of India.
The next four caliphs conquered Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia.
Mohammed and his men conquered most of Arabia.

7. After conquering these nations, the Muslims passed laws that all non-Muslims had to follow:
They had to pay special taxes.
So they could be easily recognized, non-Muslims were forbidden to dress like Muslims.
They could not share their faith convert anyone to their faith.
In the case of the Ottomans, Christians had to give their boys to become soldiers to defend their Muslim conquerors.

8. I’m Charles Martel – Charles the Hammer!
600s Muslims conquer Christian North Africa.
711 Muslims invade and conquer Spain.
732 Muslims invade France but are stopped by Charles Martel.
It’s Hammer time!
I’m Charles Martel – Charles the Hammer!
In 732, I stopped the Muslim invasion of Western Europe.

9. 600s Muslims conquer Christian North Africa.
711 Muslims invade and conquer Spain.
732 Muslims invade France but are stopped by Charles Martel.
1096–1099 Europe fights back with the First Crusade.
1299 Muslim Ottomans invade the Balkans
1453 Muslims take Constantinople, capitol of the Byzantine Empire.
1529 Ottomans lay siege to Vienna, capitol of Austria.
The Muslims failed to take Vienna. This marked the farthest they invaded into Europe until the late 20th Century.