1. Essential Question. How do values shape art and government? Art comparisons between Classical Rome, Western Europe and the Byzantine empires. A brief introduction to Justinian’s Byzantine Empire and the New Rome

2. Classical Roman Art  Realism 3D  Movement  Idealism  Wide variety of subject mater

4. Use of Art during the Middle Ages (Western Europe) Religious and hieratical Taught religious themes Showed daily life

5. Notice the King Charles of France 1350’s being crowned by the Pope and Bishops. Middle Age art was Hierarchal. The most important figure is placed either farthest top or center. Proportion was not a value in art medieval art.

6. Medieval art lacked proportion. Usually represented only in two dimensional space Middle Age Art and lack of Proportion Renaissance art was proportional and introduced the appearance of three dimensional space

7. Byzantine Empire and Justinian The New Rome  Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora restores Constantinople and expands the empire.  His wife Theodora would co rule. This upset many as she has a reputation, well you know!!

8. Justinian's Code  Emperor of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, Justinian, refined many of the Roman laws from the 12 Tables and collected them all into one work. The Justinian Code, completed in AD 529. These laws form the basis of all today's justice systems in the western world.

9. Byzantine Art Eastern Christian Empire Art usually featured single religious figures called “Icons.” Byzantine art seems to radiate and glow!!! Gold, glass mosaics were a dominant styles was in Rome Icons usually featured a single figure. “Essence” not realism was important

10.  ICONOCLSAM – Those who Oppose Icons. Iconoclast  There was a great debate during the 7 th and 8 th century's over the religious icons. the Greek Orthodox claimed Icons as idol worship.  Many were destroyed

11.  Many loved the Icons because they put a face with the beloved saint, bible personality etc. The Icons won

12. Hagia Sophia - Constantinople Justinian’s Great Byzantine Church

13. Elaborately painted and mosaic arches and vaults and domes.

14. Byzantine Architecture Rounded vaulted ceilings Huge Dome Space expanded on Rome’s Domes

16. Why was Constantinople was called the “New Rome?  Byzantine Empire continued to encourage learning speaking a common language in government, religion and daily life  There was a strong central Government  Common laws Justinian’s Code throughout the Empire  Grand public works. Baths, theaters.  Massive trade

18. Hagia Sophia, Constantinople  Was turned into a Mosque when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453

19. French Cathedrals

20. Height was everything. The taller the Cathedral the closer to god. Town Pride and economic gains. pilgrimages (holy journey) to see the churches and their relics ( holy artifacts, bones of a saint, a tooth, the wood of the cross. Brought pilgrims

21.  The spire was the finger reaching towards heaven and god  Flying Buttresses kept the walls from pushing outward.

22. The layout of the church forms a cross

23.  High vaulted ceilings. Little decoration on the inside. Light comes from stained Glass

24. Most could not read. Stain glass windows taught religious stories and themes