1. Groups and Organizations

2. Types of Groups n Primary n Secondary n Reference n Ingroup n Outgroup

3. Primary groups n Small, personal, intimate –The family n Socialization n Social identity n Provides comfort and security

4. Secondary groups n E.g. Microsoft n Large, impersonal, formal n Weak emotional ties n Short duration n Lawsuits increase with increasing secondary ties

5. Reference group n Point of reference in making evaluations and decisions n Family n Friends n Gang n Professors

6. Ingroups and outgroups n Ingroups n Outgroups –A social group toward which we feel competition or opposition –Lead to unfairly negative views of outgroups

7. General leadership styles n Instrumental –Completing tasks n Expressive –Collective well-being

8. Leadership decision making styles n Authoritarian n Democratic –Collective decisions on egalitarian basis n Laissez-faire –Downplays position of power

9. Solomon Asch Experiment n Comparison of lines n People will compromise their own judgment to avoid being seen as different

10. Milgram’s experiment of authority n People follow both legitimate authority and ordinary individuals

11. Formal organizations n Normative organizations –Voluntary organizations - Red Cross n Coercive organizations –Involuntary commitment –Prison or mental hospital n Utilitarian organization –Company - Material benefits (money)

12. Changes in organizations n Creative autonomy n Competitive work teams n Flatter organization