1. Through such works as his Plurality of Worlds, Bernard de Fontenelle 1.confirmed the theories of Descartes on dualism 2.brought the findings of science to a lay audience 3.provided precise definitions of all recent scientific terms 4.brought doubt on the legitimacy of the French class structure 5.championed the idea of separation of powers

2. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that 1.sought to support old traditions 2.departed from the thought processes of the Scientific Revolution 3.supported both Protestant and Catholic churches 4.sought to reconcile faith and reason 5.sought to apply reason to understand human life

3. The writers of travel literature in the eighteenth century portrayed 1.non-Christian religions as primitive and barbarous 2.Asians as immoral and intolerant 3.foreign philosophies as incomplete, waiting for Christian fulfillment 4.people living in nature in foreign places as happier than Europeans 5.democracy on other continents as superior to the monarchies in Europe

4. Montesquieu’s most important contribution to political science was his 1.analysis of the faults in the French political system 2.satire on French customs, supposedly written by two Arabs 3.praise for what he considered England’s system of checks and balances 4.critique of Machiavelli’s The Prince 5.support for freedom of the press and religion

5. In his writings, Voltaire condemned 1.religious and legal intolerance 2.the Catholic Church for its persecution of the religious minority 3.parental mistreatment of their children 4.the practice of extraditing accused persons to foreign countries 5.corporal and capital punishment

6. Adam Smith argued the state should not interfere in economic matters in 1. The Wealth of Nations 2. The Spirit of the Laws 3. Philosophic Letters on the English 4. Treatise on Toleration 5. Treatise on Human Nature

7. Rousseau argued in his novel Emile that education 1.would and should blur the old distinctions between men and women 2.should represent the General Will of the society 3.was impossible in a world where man is no longer free 4.must combine heart and mind, sentiment and reason 5.should be supported by the state

8. In Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that 1.women should have equal rights despite their natural inferiority 2.even though women were as reasonable as men they should not have equal rights 3.equality of sexes in marriage would be achieved soon 4.the subjection of men to women was wrong 5.women should enjoy equal social, economic, and political rights with men

9. The salons 1.increased in importance during the French Revolution 2.typically were composed of members of the lower and middle classes 3.allowed the hostesses to influence political events and ideas 4.did not allow conversation critical of either the government or established religion 5.were subsidized by the government

10. The Rococo style of the eighteenth century 1.continued the stylistic elements of the Baroque 2.impacted architectural style only 3.focused on religious themes 4.emphasized movement towards graceful and gentle lines rather than strict lines 5.focused on the emotions of anger and hate

11. Mozart took his place in the pantheon of composers because of his 1.early rise to international fame 2.tragic life and early death as a pauper 3.successful competition with old men like Bach and Haydn 4.apparently effortless blend of grace, emotion, and precision 5.influence at the English court

12. The emergence of a high culture in the eighteenth century contributed to a 1.growing sense of commonality and shared experience between the elite and poor 2.increased literacy among the poor 3.growing divide between the elite and the poor 4.declining literacy among the elites 5.a decline of elements of popular culture

13. During the eighteenth century, lower-class criminals condemned to death were often 1.drawn and quartered 2.guillotined 3.hanged 4.drowned 5.beheaded

14. Enlightenment thought regarding religious toleration contributed to 1.an end to all persecution of religious minorities 2.greater acceptance of Jews, but religious persecution continued 3.the granting of full political and civil rights for Jews 4.the conversion of Jews to Christianity for the purposes of full assimilation to society 5.the granting of full economic equality for Jews

15. John Wesley incurred the animosity of Anglican Church officials because 1.he criticized their lavish and indulgent life style 2.he conducted worship services in the vernacular English of his day 3.his services were often filled with excessive emotional enthusiasm 4.he called on his followers not to attend regular Anglican services 5.he would not support the Pietistic teachings of the church