2. Imperial China China in the 19 th Century before the nationalist revolution in 1912 and the communist revolution in 1945 Imperial China

3. Many of the concepts which we have studied in this class are shown in the history of China before their revolution: - Mercantilism - Colonialism - The Preconditions for Revolution - Status Quo, Reform, and Revolution

4. Imperial China Traditionally, imperial China was economically ISOLATED, and Chinese imperial government was hesitant to trade with Europe or their neighbors.

5. Imperial China Ancient culture dating back to 3000 BC Highly developed mining and manufacturing base by the 16 th Century –Textiles –Ceramics –Metals

6. Imperial China Ruled by conservative, autocratic leaders from the Forbidden City. People governed by a massive, bloated, corrupt government. Qing Dynasty failed to control colonialism by Europe, frequent famines, and corruption within the government. China becomes splintered among different colonies, warlords, and the emperor by the end of the 19 th Century.

8. Imperial China Mercantile empires of Europe (especially Great Britain) began to interact with China in the late 17 th and 18 th Century. The biggest trade: OPIUM! Colonies were outside the rule of the emperor, and did not have to follow Imperial laws.

9. Opium trade and the destruction of Imperial China Opium war of 1839 was a humiliating defeat of the Chinese against the British Tried to outlaw the opium trade China out-classed militarily Treaty in 1844 expanded rights of foreigners to establish colonies in China

10. Imperial China and European Colonies

11. Rebellions during Imperial Rule Taiping rebellion in 1840s against colonial and imperial armies failed. Boxer rebellion in 1900 led by Imperial guards against colonial armies failed as well.

12. Nationalism in China Direct response to the corruption and destruction of China by colonial powers and regional warlords. Believed China was the middle kingdom, an ancient concept that China was the center of the world. Unite China under one government to combines western democracy with ancient Chinese