1. Energy—The ability to cause change.

2. Ultimate source of all energy is from the sun. Autotrophs A.K.A--Producers Uses light energy to make food Examples: trees, plants, grass, green algae Heterotrophs A.K.A—Consumers Can’t produce own food Obtain nutrients by eating other organisms Decomposers— obtain energy from breaking down dead organisms.

3. Herbivore Feeds only on plants Carnivores Feeds on other heterotrophs Scavengers Feed on animals that are already dead Omnivores Feed on both plants and animals Decomposers Break down complex substances of dead organisms

4. Simple model that shows how matter/energy moves through an ecosystem. Moves from autotrophs to heterotrophs to decomposers Amount of energy in the final transfer is only a portion of the starting amount A portion of energy is given off as heat at each transfer Berries MiceBlack Bear Energy given off as heat Arrow Points To Where The Energy Is Going

5. More complex than a food chain Show multiple food chains Shows all possible feeding relationships

6. A feeding step Autotroph Grass 1 st Order Heterotroph Rabbits 2 st Order Heterotroph Wolves 3rd Order Heterotroph Lions Producers Herbivore Carnivore

7. Quaternary Consumer Top Carnivore Tertiary/Third-order Consumers Secondary/second- order consumers Primary/first order consumers Producers

8. Color the arrows from each of the following to the next level: Producers – green Primary – yellow Secondary – red Tertiary- blue Quaternary- orange Decomposers - brown

9. Can Show Biomass (total weight of living matter) at each level. It also show the amount that the level above it needs to consume to meet its needs.

10. Each level decreases by 10% 10% rule! The energy is lost in the form of heat at each level.