1. Africa

3. Africa Early Civilizations of Africa Influence of geography
Geographic patterns
Vegetation affects where and how people live
Deserts, rainforests, interior plateau, and cataracts (waterfalls) hinder travel and trade
Great Rift Valley and Mediterranean and Red Seas aid travel and trade
Resources spur trade
Salt, gold, iron, and copper encourage trade and bring wealth
Camels increase trade across the Sahara

4. Africa Outside influences Strong ties to overseas regions
Carthage dominates trade until defeat by Rome
Rome spreads Christianity through North Africa
Muslims conquer North Africa
Christianity to Islam
Latin to Arabic

5. Africa West Africa Trade in the Sahara
People become farmers, develop a surplus, and begin to trade
West Africans trade leather goods, kola nuts, cotton cloth, and slaves
North Africans trade silk, metal, beads, and horses
Cities develop along trade routes; monarchs create powerful kingdoms
Gold and salt dominate trade
Gold found in Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal
Salt found in the central Sahara
Dietary need
Food preservation
1lb. of gold for 1lb. of salt

6. Africa Medieval African Societies Family Patterns
Nuclear and extended family units
Patrilineal and matrilineal kinship
Families belong to a lineage- a group of people who claim a common ancestor, and a clan

7. Africa Government Chief or group of elders make the decisions
Decisions made by consensus, general agreement
Villages in a large kingdom obeyed distant, central government
Limited power
Kongo
King chosen by electors and had to follow traditional laws
Local chiefs have power

8. Africa Religion Varied and complex with many gods and goddesses
Islam and Christianity spread
Absorbed local beliefs and customs
Many believed in single, supreme being
Honored ancestors