1. CH 12 Reconstruction

2. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16
Read “An American Story” on page 386.
What would life be like to be a freed slave during Reconstruction?
Read “I know why the caged bird sings” by Maya Angelou
How had things changed in the 1960’s?

3. Sec 1 Reconstruction Plans
There were two basic plans for how to bring the South back into the Union following the Civil War

4. 2 Differing Plans - Lincoln’s Plan – - Radical Republican’s Plan –
A moderate policy that would reconcile the South with the Union instead of punishing it for treason
- Radical Republican’s Plan –
“revolutionize southern institutions, habits, and manners”

5. Lincoln’s Plan
In Dec 1863, Lincoln set forth his plan in the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
Amnesty – a pardon to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the U.S. and accepted the end of slavery

6. Radical Republicans
Led by Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania and Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts.

7. 3 Main Goals of Radical Republicans
1) prevent the leaders of the Confederacy from returning to power after the war
2) make the Republican Party powerful in the South
3) Help African Americans achieve equality under the law and the right to vote.

8. The Freedmen’s Bureau Established in the last years of the Civil War
Meant to provide food, clothing, and education for the thousands of free African Americans in the South

9. Discussion Question
Do you think Presidents Johnson and Lincoln were wise in not seeking harsh treatment for the southern states in their plans for Reconstruction?

10. Sec 2 Congressional Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln’s assassination
He was a former Democrat from Tennessee who had owned slaves

11. Johnson’s reconstruction plan was much like Lincolns
However, as Southern states rejoined the union, Republicans began to fear the Democrats influence in Congress

12. Black Codes
- laws passed in the South during Reconstruction to control Freedmen
These along with Democrats joining Congress outraged Republicans and made them enact their own Reconstruction plans

13. In and effort to override the Black Codes, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866
Fearing the courts might overturn it, they introduced it as the 14th Amendment

14. Congressional Elections of 1866
Republicans achieved an overwhelming victory, winning almost a 3 – 1 majority in Congress

15. In March 1867, Congress passed the Military Reconstruction Act
By 1868 six states had rejoined the union, NC, SC, FL, AL, LA, AR

16. Also in 1868, Johnson became the first president to be impeached
However, the Senate was one vote short of removing him from office.

17. Election of 1868
Grant won the presidential election of 1868 on the Republican ticket

18. 15th Amendment
In 1870, Congress passed the 15th Amendment, saying the right to vote “shall not be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”.

19. Sec 3 Republican Rule
As Southern politics and society changed, some began to try to profit from the change with power and money.

20. Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved to the South to profit from Reconstruction
Scalawags –Southerners who worked with the Republicans in hopes of rising in society
Former Whigs, small farm owners, businessmen

21. Southern Politics
Many educated blacks from the North served as early leaders. Former slaves soon became involved in the process.
Saw success on all levels of government.
Republicans also had support from poor white farmers.

22. Reforms In the South Repealed Black Codes
Medical Improvements (Hospitals, Etc.)
New transportation systems
Corruption

23. African American Communities
Education
Public Schools (40% enrolled by 1876)
Beginnings of the HBCU system
Churches

24. Southern Resistance
Ku Klux Klan - started in 1866 by former confederate soldiers in Pulaski, Tenn.
It’s goal was to retake the South for Democrats
Enforcement Acts
Federal crime to interfere with voting
Federal elections under the supervision of federal marshals.
Ku Klux Klan Act

25. Sec 4 Reconstruction Collapses
Grant became president in 1868 but had little experience as a politician

26. Scandals of Grant Second Term
Whiskey Ring
Credit Mobilier
Tweed Ring
“Boss” Tweed

27. Reconstruction Ends
By 1876 Democrats had taken back control of most of all the southern legislatures
Jim Crow Laws – laws in the southern states after Reconstruction that stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting.

28. Election of 1876
Republicans nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for president, who won 185 electoral votes

29. Democrats nominated Samuel Tilden, who had 184 electoral votes, one away from winning the election

30. Hayes was deemed the winner of the election through the Compromise of 1877
The deal allowed Hayes to be named the winner in return for pulling the troops out of the South and ending reconstruction

31. With the end of Reconstruction former slaves lost all hope to receive land of their own
Most resorted to either becoming tenant farmers or share croppers

32. Essay Question
Explain the events of the Reconstruction period in terms of the competing plans, Republican control, and then the end of Reconstruction