1. BELL QUIZ 1) What war to “stop the spread of communism” was fought in Asia for 23 years? (Page 728) 2)Name two reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev’s “perestroika.” (Page 849) 3)In what year was the Cold War officially over? (Page 849) 4)In what year was the Berlin Wall torn down? (Page 850) 5)What was the purpose of the “Alliance for Progress” organization? (Page 680)

2. BELL QUIZ ANSWERS 1) Vietnam War 2) Private enterprise, democratic government, less government control of the economy. 3) 1992 4) 1989 5) Partially to help underdeveloped foreign countries to modernize and partially to keep them from turning to Communism.

3. BELL QUIZ: PAGES 848-49 1)In 1985 who was elected as the new leader of the Soviet Union (General Secretary of the Communist Party)? 2)Why were economic reforms initiated in the Soviet Union? 3)What treaty allowed the Soviet Union and the U.S. to inspect each others military installations? 4)Who became the elected President of Russia in 1991? 5)What did the START II Treaty accomplish?

4. BELL QUIZ ANSWERS 1)Mikhail Gorbachev 2)The Soviet Union’s economy was struggling and couldn’t keep up with the U.S. in military spending. Better relationships with the U.S. would allow the Soviets to reduce their military spending. 3)INF Treaty (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty). 4)Boris Yelstin 5)Treaty between the U.S. and Russia reducing each nation’s nukes by 2/3.

5. Objectives 1.Identify changes in the communist world that ended the Cold War. 2.Examine the importance of Nixon’s visits to China and the Soviet Union. 3.Explain the development of Kennedy’s new military policy of flexible response.

6. PEACE CORPS An organization of volunteers created by President Kennedy to develop nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. By 1968 there were more than 35,000 volunteers in 60 countries helping in various ways. Why? If we help develop and modernize then maybe their government will not turn to communism…like Cuba. Today there are 200,000+ volunteers in 139 countries.

7. ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS Another foreign aid program to offer economic and technical assistance to Latin American countries. U.S. invested $12 billion between 1961-1969. Why? Develop and reform Latin American countries and keep them from turning to communism.

8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =nzTkFNOV3wQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =nzTkFNOV3wQ (JFK Assassination) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =QU97OLlWlOI (Zapruder Film) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =QU97OLlWlOI

9. RACE TO THE MOON 12 years after the Soviets launched Sputnik and 8 years after the soviets put a man into space, the U.S. bettered the soviets by successfully landing on the moon. July 20, 1969 astronaut Neil Armstrong walks on the moon.

10. VIETNAM In 1950 the U.S. begins to help France fight back against the communist in Vietnam by sending $15 million in aide. In 1954 the French are driven out of Vietnam. The U.S. stays to “stop the spread of communism.” Escalation of U.S. troops in 1965. The U.S. leaves in 1973. Vietnam completely falls to communism in March 1975.

11. REALPOLITIK Realpolitik=“political realism” The U.S. began using the idea in terms of how we deal with foreign countries. Evaluate a nations power, not its philosophy or beliefs. If a country was weak then it was more practical to ignore that country, even if it was communist.

12. DETENTE Détente: an ending of unfriendly or hostile relations between countries. How? Use flexible approaches at easing Cold War tensions instead of using Brinkmanship.

13. SALT I TREATY In 1972 President Nixon travels to China and Moscow, the first U.S. president to visit the Soviet capital. Nixon’s trip plants a seed of cooperation and tolerance between all 3 countries. Nixon and the Soviets sign the SALT I treaty=5 year agreement limiting the number of ICBM’s and submarine missiles.

14. SALT II TREATY SALT II Treaty dies in 1979 when President Carter refuses to sign it when the Soviets invade Afghanistan. SALT II would have limited the number of nuclear weapons and launchers.

15. SDI: STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE Most commonly referred to as “Star Wars.” President Reagan began developing the system in 1983. Reagan spent billions on the project and doubled the Defense Department’s budget. SDI system is still not completely developed.

16. Main Idea The end of the Cold War, marked by the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, led to a redirection of many U.S. goals and policies.

17. WHY IT MATTERS NOW After the Cold War, the United States provided and continues to provide substantial economic support to the new capitalistic and democratic nations.

18. Pages 848-850 1.What did Gorbachev do to change politics and life in the Soviet Union? 2.What caused the end of the Cold War? 3.What caused the reunification of Germany? 4.What changes occurred in China?

19. Pages 851-852 1.What did Reagan and Bush consider a threat in Central America and the Caribbean? 2.How did Reagan and Bush strengthen anti-communist forces and attempt to weaken leftist governments? 3.What was the Iran-contra scandal?

20. Mikhail Gorbachev Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985. A) Glasnost=“openness” Allows for partial freedom of speech and freedom of the press. B) Perestroika=restructuring soviet society towards democracy and capitalism. *Allows some private businesses and removes government price and production controls.

21. INF Treaty, 1987 The 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty required the United States and the Soviet Union to eliminate all of their nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges of 500 to 5,500 kilometers. The treaty marked the first time the superpowers had agreed to reduce their nuclear arsenals, eliminate an entire category of nuclear weapons, and utilize on-site inspections for verification. As a result of the INF Treaty, the United States and the Soviet Union destroyed a total of 2,692 short-, medium-, and intermediate-range missiles by the treaty's implementation deadline of June 1, 1991.

22. FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL In 1989 Gorbachev tells East Germany they are independent of Soviet rule and he will not stop East Berliners from crossing over into West Berlin. East Berlin and West Berlin unite and the wall is torn down by the citizens of Germany on November 11, 1989. East and West Germany reunite as one country on October 3, 1990.

23. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =zmRPP2WXX0U&feature=related &safety_mode=true&persist_safet y_mode=1&safe=activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =zmRPP2WXX0U&feature=related &safety_mode=true&persist_safet y_mode=1&safe=active (Fall of the Berlin Wall)

24. Upfront Article Fall of the Berlin Wall

25. SOVIET UNION DISSOLVES In 1991 Gorbachev tells all the Soviet satellite countries that they are free to rule as they please. 14 non-Russian republics declare their independence from the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union dissolves.

26. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Created in December 1991 when the U.S.S.R. dissolved. Modern day nations of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine.

27. BORIS YELTSIN Yeltsin takes over in late 1991 and continues with Gorbachev’s reforms. In February 1992 he and President Bush declare an official end to the Cold War. SALT II treaty is signed in 1993 reducing the number of nukes on both sides.

28. MORE SOVIET REFORMS In December 1993 Russian voters installed a new parliament and approved a new constitution similar to the U.S. Constitution.

29. START II Pact Signed in March 2003 An agreement between the U.S. and Russia that limits the number of nuclear warheads for each country’s arsenal to 1,700-2,200.

30. UPFRONT ARTICLE: The Fall of the Soviet Union

31. COLD WAR THEMES 1)The U.S. is willing to do whatever it takes to stop the spread of communism. 2)U.S. vs. Soviet Union (competition for supremacy). 3)The world lives in fear by being brought to the edge of a nuclear war. 4)The fear of communism taking over the U.S. resulted in paranoia, violations of civil rights, security changes, and a military arms race.

32. President Reagan’s Speech to Moscow University