1. Video What's biology got to do with it?
Ecology
Video
What's biology got to do with it?

2. Chapter 2 Section 1 Vocabulary
Ecology- the study of interactions of living organisms with one another and with their physical environment (soil, water, climate, etc)
Biosphere- portion of the earth that supports life
Biotic factors- the organisms in a habitat (living factors)
Abiotic factors- the physical aspects of a habitat (non-living factors)
Population- all of the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time
Ecosystem- aka ecological system; consists of a community and all the physical aspects of its habitat (soil, water, weather, etc)
Biome- a large group of ecosystems that share the same type of climate and have similar types of communities
Habitat- the place where a particular population of a species lives
Niche- the functional role of a particular species in an ecosystem; how an organism lives; the “job” it performs within the ecosystem
Predation- the act of one organism killing another for food
Symbiosis- two or more species living together in a close, long-term association
Mutualism- a symbiotic relationship in which both participating species benefits
Commensalism- a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Parasitism- one organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another, typically larger, organism; usually do not kill their prey (or “host”) because they depend on them for food and a place to live

3. Ecology-
the study of interactions of living organisms with one another and with their physical environment (soil, water, climate, etc)

4. Biosphere- portion of the earth that supports life

5. Biotic factors- the organisms in a habitat (living factors)
Abiotic factors- the physical aspects of a habitat (non-living factors)

6. Sequence the abiotic and biotic factors
Sequence the abiotic and biotic factors. Write abiotic or biotic in each square.
1. lack of
rainfall
3. certain
plants die
2. dry soil
4. rivers
dry up
5. animals do
not reproduce
6. the population
of a species
diminishes

7. Sequence the abiotic and biotic factors
Sequence the abiotic and biotic factors. Write abiotic or biotic in each square.
1. lack of
rainfall
abiotic
3. certain
plants die
biotic
2. dry soil
abiotic
4. rivers
dry up
abiotic
5. animals do
not reproduce
biotic
6. the population
of a species
diminishes
biotic

8. Population-
all of the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time

9. Ecosystem
- aka ecological system; consists of a community and all the physical aspects of its habitat (soil, water, weather, etc)

11. Biome-
a large group of ecosystems that share the same type of climate and have similar types of communities

12. Habitat-
the place where a particular population of a species lives

13. Niche-
the functional role of a particular species in an ecosystem; how an organism lives; the “job” it performs within the ecosystem

14. niche
A polar bear will wait by air holes dug in the ice for a seal to pop its head up for a breath; the polar bear then kills the animal quickly.
Arctic foxes are small canines that feed on small mammals and birds; they also take carrion when found. When hunting is good, an Arctic fox will bury excess kills in the snow. This works as a freezer for leaner times. Ravens often raid these stockpiles of food.

15. Predation-
the act of one organism killing another for food

16. Symbiosis-
two or more species living together in a close, long-term association

17. Mutualism -
a symbiotic relationship in which both participating species benefits

18. mutualism

19. Commensalism-
a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped

20. commensalism

21. Parasitism-
one organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another, typically larger, organism; usually do not kill their prey (or “host”) because they depend on them for food and a place to live

22. Section 2 Vocabulary
Autotrophs/ Producers- Organisms that first capture energy and make energy storing molecules; plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
Heterotrophs /Consumers- those organisms that consume plants or other organisms to obtain the energy necessary to build their molecules
Herbivore-
Carnivore-
Omnivores- animals that are considered both herbivores and carnivores, such as bears
Detritovores- organisms that obtain their energy from the organic wastes and dead bodies that are produced at every trophic level (bacteria, fungi, worms)
Trophic level- a level in an ecosystem that organisms are placed in to show where they got their energy from and where their energy will then go; energy moves from one trophic level to another
Food chain- the path of energy through the trophic levels of an ecosystem (sun producersprimary consumersecondary consumertertiary consumer)
Food web- complicated, interconnected group of food chains that shows the different trophic levels that individual organisms can feed at
Biomass- the dry weight of tissue and other organic matter found in a specific ecosystem; each level higher on the pyramid contains only 10% of the biomass found in the trophic level below it.

23. Autotrophs/ Producers-
Organisms that first capture energy and make energy storing molecules; plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

24. Heterotrophs /Consumers-
those organisms that consume plants or other organisms to obtain the energy necessary to build their molecules

25. Herbivore-
herbivores: eat only plants

26. Carnivore-
carnivores: eat only animals

27. Omnivores-
animals that are considered both herbivores and carnivores, such as bears

29. Detritovores-
organisms that obtain their energy from the organic wastes and dead bodies that are produced at every trophic level (bacteria, fungi, worms)

30. detritovore
millipedes, woodlice, dung flies, slugs, many terrestrial worms, sea stars, fiddler crabs, and some sedentary polychaetes

31. Scavengers obtain energy by eating dead animals Decomposers obtain energy by breaking down dead organic matter

32. Trophic level-
a level in an ecosystem that organisms are placed in to show where they got their energy from and where their energy will then go; energy moves from one trophic level to another

33. Food chain-
the path of energy through the trophic levels of an ecosystem (sun producersprimary consumersecondary consumertertiary consumer)

34. Food web-
complicated, interconnected group of food chains that shows the different trophic levels that individual organisms can feed at

35. Biomass-
the dry weight of tissue and other organic matter found in a specific ecosystem; each level higher on the pyramid contains only 10% of the biomass found in the trophic level below it.

36. Food web

37. Copy this chart into you notes
Table 2-1
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Herbivore, carnivore,
or omnivore

38. Use the diagram to complete the Table
Use the diagram to complete the Table. Classify each member of the food web as autotroph or heterotroph, and identify the heterotrophs as herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores

39. Section 3 Vocabulary
Biogeochemical cycle- the paths of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous passing from the nonliving environment to living organisms and then back to the nonliving environment.
Notes:
Bio : for the living things it passes through
Geo: for the non living things it passes into and out of…
Cycle: that it continuously moves

40. 2. Nitrogen fixation- the process of combining nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia.
Notes: mostly bacteria that provide this process. Symbiotic bacteria can be found on the root nodules of plants. Lightning can also cause this.
3. Denitrification- when Nitrogen is released back into the cycle when denitrifying bacteria convert NO3- into N2
Notes: bacteria cause this. Releases gas.

41. Carbon Cycle
Carbon is required for the building of all organic compounds. All living things contain carbon

42. Carbon cycle

43. Carbon cycle

44. Carbon cycle

45. A. Burning of fossil fuels
F. Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere
E. Industry & Agriculture
I. Calcium carbonates in rocks and shells
A. Burning of fossil fuels
B. Death, decomposition
C. Photosynthesis
D. Respiration
J. Precipitation
H. Carbon Dioxide dissolved in water
G. Carbon compounds converted to fossil fuels
B. Death, decomposition

46. Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)

47. Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is required for the manufacture of all amino acids and nucleic acids . (proteins) It is also found in DNA
Nitrogen Fixation is a process which occurs in prokaryotes in which N2 is converted to (NH4+). Atmospheric nitrogen can also undergo nitrogen fixation by lighting and UV radiation and become NO3-.
the average organism can not use atmospheric
nitrogen for these tasks, but which is where most nitrogen is found!

48. Nitrogen Cycle

49. During nitrification, ammonia is converted into nitrite, and nitrite is converted into nitrate.
Nitrification occurs in various bacteria. In the final stage, plants absorb ammonia and nitrate and incorporate it into their metabolic pathways..

50. Nitrogen Cycle

51. Once the nitrogen has entered the plant metabolic pathway, it may be transferred to animals when the plant is eaten. Nitrogen is released back into the cycle when denitrifying bacteria convert NO3- into N2 in the process of denitrification.

52. Finally, when detrivorous bacteria convert organic compounds back into ammonia the process of ammonification occurs, or when animals excrete ammonia, urea, or uric acid.

53. Nitrogen Cycle

54. Major steps of Nitrogen Cycle
1. Nitrogen fixation
2. Nitrification
3. assimilation
4. denitrification

55. Phosphorous Cycle

56. Biogeochemical Cycle activity:
Each person will get a part or parts of one of the cycles. Draw what is happening in your part of the cycle on an index card. Then find members of your same cycle and put your parts together to make the entire cycle by placing the parts onto a poster with arrows between the drawings to make the cycle complete. You may use the pictures and information in your book to help you! Your group will then present the completed cycle to the class so make sure you understand the process! Good luck!
Rotate to other cycles to learn them as well use the already drawn cards!

57. Water cycle 8 parts Wc/ evaporation Wc/condensation Wc/precipitation
Wc/transpiration
Wc/ground water
Wc/oceans
Wc/runoff
Wc/percolation

58. Carbon cycle 13 parts c/ combustion of fuels and industry and homes
c/ plants and animals on land
c/ photosynthesis
c/ respiration
c/carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
c/diffusion
c/dissolved carbon dioxide
c/ bicarbonates
c/ photosynthesis in water
c/ animals and plants in water
c/ deposition of dead materials under water
c/ fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal)
c/ deposition of dead materials under ground

59. Nitrogen Cycle 14 parts N/ atmospheric Nitrogen N2
n/ nitrogen fixing bacteria in the water
n/ aquatic animals
n/ land animals
n/plants
n/nitrogen fixing bacteria on plant roots
n/ excretion
n/ loss to deep sediment
n/ animal wastes
n/ decomposers in the soil
n/ nitrifying bacteria
n/ soil nitrates
n/ denitrifying bacteria ( convert back into nitrogen gas)
n/ nitrogen fixing soil bacteria ( so plants can use it)

60. Phosphorus cycle 12 parts
p/ decomposers (bacteria and fungi in the water )
p/ animal wastes
p/ aquatic animals
p/ plants and algae ( under water)
p/ precipitates solids from the water
p/ rocks and minerals
p/ phosphates in solution
p/ plants on land
p/ land animals
p/ soil soluble phosphates
p/ decomposers bacteria and fungi on land

61. Games!!!