1. Great Britain The King and Parliament

2. Great Britain came into existence in 1707 when the governments of England and Scotland were united. The term British came into use to refer to both English and Scots. Parliament Parliament had the power to make laws, levy taxes and pass the budget. Parliament was separated into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. House of Lords- “the peers” upper aristocracy/ controlled the appointments of the justice of the peace. House of Commons- lower aristocracy/ served as justices of the peace in the counties. Monarchy **Monarchy was faced with a power aristocracy-controlling Parliament** However, monarchy still held much national power b/c of factional struggle in the aristocracy and support through patronage (titles, gov. posts, church positions).

3. QUESTION: HOW WAS PATRONAGE ABLE TO WORK? House of Commonselection was not a popular vote/ the number of delegates was based on past history. Delegates represented Boroughs (Town) Delegates were selected by wealthy aristocracy. If you control Aristocracy you control Parliament. Answer: Through Parliamentary Elections.

4. Pocket Borough When one person controlled the delegates from many boroughs. “In his pocket”

5. Rotten Borough Send more delegates than the population warranted

6. Great Britain Parliament George I and II relied on Robert Walpole as their Chief or Prime Minister RW and his ministers had great power with the use of patronage b/c George I didn’t speak English and George II didn’t have any familiarity with the British system. (Many consider it the development of the modern cabinet system) Monarchy Queen Anne dies w/o an heir/ she is the last of the Stuarts The crown was offered to the Protestant rulers of the German State of Hanover. George I (1714-1727) George II (1727-1760)

7. John Wilkes John Wilkes- member of the House of Commons/ Journalist who criticized the King’s ministers and the use of Patronage. Wilkes lost his seat in Parliament “Wilkes and Liberty” became the cry of the common people of London who had no voting rights William Pitt the younger became PM and prevented reform for another generation.