1. Cooley, Mead, Freud, Erikson and Levinson
Behind the Theories on Development

2. Charles Cooley ( )

3. He said that the self develops through process of social interaction
Cooley
He said that the self develops through process of social interaction

4. Cooley
Influenced by family primarily, then later peer-groups.

5. Cooley
Used the analogy of a Looking-Glass (mirror) to describe the 3 stage process of self

6. Cooley 1. We imagine how our actions appear to others
2. We imagine how others judge our actions
3. We make some sort of self-judgment based on 1& 2

7. George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)

8. Mead
He traced people’s awareness of self to primary caregiver

9. Mead
He said the self is composed of 2 parts-“I” and “Me”

10. Mead
I like Mead! Very Much!!!
The “I” portion wishes to have self expression, to be active and spontaneous

11. Mead
The “Me” portion is made up of the things learned through the socialization process.  The “Me” makes normal social interaction possible

13. Mead
He said the self develops in 3 stages

14. Mead
Preparatory stage-child imitates others

15. Mead
Play stage-child has acquired language and not only imitates, but form role expectations: playing house, cops and robbers.

16. Mead
Game stage-child learns there are rules that specify the correct and proper relationship among the players. 
We learn the expectations of various positions which we interact as well as the expectations of the general audience

17. Sigmund Freud ( )

18. Freud
He said the self has 3 separately functioning parts, in which the individual is constantly at struggle.

19. Freud
Id-the drives and instincts that every human inherits, mostly remain unconscious

20. Freud
Superego-society’s norms and expectations, primarily learned from parents

21. Freud
Ego-mediates the eternal conflict of the id and superego, also finds socially acceptable ways to express id’s drives.

22. Erik Erikson ( )

23. Human development is accomplished in 8 stages
Erikson
  Human development is accomplished in 8 stages

24. Erikson 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (up to 1 year)
2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-4)
3. Initiative vs. guilt (4-5)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)
5. Identity vs. role confusion (adolescence)
6. Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (30’s to 50’s)
8. Integrity vs. Despair (old age)

25. No Pictures!!!!
Daniel Levinson ( )

26. Levinson
He focused on adult development-said there were 6 stages

27. Levinson Early adult period 18-22
Leave adolescence, make preliminary choices for life
Leave the family of origin

28. Levinson Getting into adult world 22-28- “form a dream”
Make initial choices in love, occupation, friendship, love and values

29. Levinson Age 30 transitional period-seeks to correct flaws
However, I have no flaws!
Age 30 transitional period-seeks to correct flaws
Changes in life occur

30. Settling down-has reworked flaws and seeks order and stability
Levinson

31. Levinson
Age 40 transitional period-mid-life crisis

32. Levinson Beginning of middle adulthood-mid 40’s
Reflect on life’s accomplishments

33. Pavlovian Theory

35. That’s All Folks!!