1. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 From Decentralization To Poverty Reduction & MDGs a few ideas for discussion 8th JPO Workshop – 23 to 27 January 2006 Decentralized Governance and Development Dakar, Senegal Presentation by Luigi N. Tessiore, Decentralization & Local Governance Policy Advisor Western & Central African Sub-Regional Resource Facility UNDP

2. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 2 The Paradigm of Decentralization

3. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 3 THE UNDP’S ONE GOAL Poverty Alleviation = Measurable indicators (MDGs)

4. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 4 What is “good local governance”? a definition within the frame of a theory of the state erformance An institutional system for managing public affairs characterized by 3 dimensions P Fiscal effort (allocative and operational); Delivery of economic & social services; Protection of environment and NR; Promotion of economic development; articipation P Organized and private citizen in public sector decision-making Mechanisms supplementing and enhancing the functioning of the institutional democratic representation; artnership P Between Local Authorities, CSOs and Private Sector; Provision & production of local collective goods & services;

5. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 5 What is a “local government”? olitical A sub-national institutional system for managing local public affairs with 3 different capacities P Fiscal effort (allocative and operational); Identification of Local revenues, Accountable use of local revenues, dministrative A Institutional democratic representation, Participative Public decision-making, Electoral, accountability mechanisms, Local strategies and dialogue development iscal F Planning public investments based on local priorities, Programming local development goals, Provision & production of local collective goods & services, Administration of public resources.

6. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 6 What are the duties of a “local government”? Duties = Legal attributions = Resources made available Principles? = different according to the degree of autonomy awarded by the national legislation. Practice? = different according to national legislations. What works? = decentralize competencies, decisions and resources based on comparative advantage of each level (performance)

7. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 7 Essential duties of “local government” Social Services Duties = Legal attributions = resources made available Principles: SUBSIDIARITY & PROXIMITY Support, partnership with Private Sector, NR protection, valorization, Economic and social welfare, Land management. Infrastructures Primary Education, Primary Health Care, Potable water & Sanitation, Administrative Services Public transport, road networks, Water, sewage, other public utilities, Etc. Local Development Licenses, permits, Civil registry, Certificates, ID,

8. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 8 LOCAL GOVERNANCE When we have REAL Local Governance? De-concentration VERSUS De-centralization 3 items

9. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 9 Administrative De-concentration

10. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 10 De-centralization

11. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 11 Local Horizontal accountability

12. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 12 LOCAL GOVERNANCE Why we should support LG in Post-Conflicts Recovery? 2 items

13. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 13 Local Governance approach to post conflict recovery olitical P evelopmental D reconstruction of local polities as an integral part of the process of reconstructing the State. interdependence of the local and the central in the process of reconstructing states comparative advantages of local authorities in the post-conflict efforts towards social reintegration and economic recovery at the local level. Possibility to realize allocative and operational efficiency gains in the use of scarce public sector resources

14. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 14 LOCAL GOVERNANCE Most urgent areas of support (build local government capacity) Pilot test – experimentation (before the reform) 3 items

15. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 15 What areas of support to LG NOW? 1. Local Government financing 2. Local government planning and budgeting. set up of a mechanism for fiscal transfer providing local authorities with a minimum of regular and locally programmable resources for both recovery and development spending 3. Local Government implementation. simple, participatory procedure for strategic planning, investment programming and annual budgeting, will make meaningful the reintegration of population in the local economy the resources available for local level infrastructure and services delivery should be channelled via LG in stead of continue to flow through national/sector channels and/or managed by central agencies (including specialized ones like the WB-supported Social Funds)

16. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 16 The process of local planning Budget preparation D B Elaboration and submission of PDC Data Collection on CRD A Planning Workshop Participatory Diagonisis Participatory Identification Problems, resources & projects Projrct level Management and maintenance of infrastructure Specification convention agreements Definition of financial and material contribution Comité de gestion

17. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 17 Revenues cycle

18. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 18 LOCAL GOVERNANCE STOP 1

19. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 19 LOCAL GOVERNANCE Reform’ concrete immediate challenges (build local government capacity for local development and poverty alleviation) Key elements for the reform: proposed elements & issues from Mr Weh-Dorliae book 3 items

20. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 20 Political LOCAL GOVERNANCE How many LG tiers?? County/District??? Segregation of powers @ every level (NOT only County Level) Elected Legislative body Elected Governor (chief executive) What role for Traditional Chiefs (is integration possible?) Keep Judiciary centralized (peace judge?? @ local level) Separate County civil service from Central Civil service Accountability in county government expenditures

21. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 21 Administrative LOCAL GOVERNANCE Consolidate territorial administrative organization How many LG tiers?? County/District??? Segregation of powers @ County Level Separate County civil service

22. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 22 Fiscal & Financial LOCAL GOVERNANCE Segregation of powers @ County Level Autonomous County Budget Revenues sharing (method & criteria for revenues transfer) Allocate taxes to County Government (property, etc.) Accountability in county government expenditures (method: particiatory planning and budgeting)

23. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 23 LOCAL GOVERNANCE STOP 2

24. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 24 LOCAL GOVERNANCE What we need for “good local governance for development” The specificity of local 3 items

25. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 25

26. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 26

27. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 27 Are we going towards poverty alleviation?

28. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 28 LOCAL GOVERNANCE STOP 3

29. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 29 The Virtuous Circle of Local Development

30. LUIGI N. TESSIORE 2005 January 2006JPO Workshop Dakar 2006 30 Local Strategy