2. ©2000 Prentice Hall ObjectivesObjectives ä Retailing ä Wholesaling ä Market Logistics

3. ©2000 Prentice Hall Four Levels of Retail Service ä Self-service ä Self-selection ä Limited-service ä Full-service

4. ©2000 Prentice Hall Retail Positioning Map Bloomingdale’s Kinney Shoe Wal-Mart TiffanyBroadNarrow Breadth of product line Value added Low High

5. ©2000 Prentice Hall Classification Of Retailer Types Specialty Stores Department Stores Supermarkets Convenience Stores Off-Price Retailer Superstores Catalog Showroom Wide Variety of Product Lines i.e. Clothing, Home Furnishings, & Household Items Wide Variety of Food, Laundry, & Household Products Limited Line of High-Turnover Convenience Goods Inexpensive, Overruns, Irregulars, and Leftover Goods Large Assortment of Routinely Purchased Food & Nonfood Products, Plus Services Broad Selection, Fast Turnover, Discount Prices Narrow Product Line, Deep Assortment Store TypeLength and Breadth of Product Assortment Discount Stores Broad Product Line, Low Margin, High Volume

6. ©2000 Prentice Hall Types of NonStore Retailing Direct Selling Direct Marketing Buying Services NonStore Retailing Accounts for More Than 12% of All Consumer Purchases, and is trending up. Automatic Vending

7. ©2000 Prentice Hall Low Price Low Status Low Margin Mid Price Mid Status Mid Margin High Price High Status High Margin Wheel of Retailing

8. ©2000 Prentice Hall Why are Wholesalers Used? Wholesaler Functions Management Services & Advice Management Services & Advice Selling and Promoting Selling and Promoting Market Information Market Information Buying and Assortment Building Buying and Assortment Building Risk Bearing Bulk Breaking Transporting Financing Warehousing

9. ©2000 Prentice Hall Goals of the Logistics System Provide a Targeted Level of Customer Service at the Least Cost. Maximize Profits, Not Sales. Higher Distribution Costs/ Higher Customer Service Levels Lower Distribution Costs/ Lower Customer Service Levels

10. ©2000 Prentice Hall Inventory When to order How much to order Just-in-time Inventory When to order How much to order Just-in-time Costs Minimize Costs of Attaining Logistics Objectives Costs Minimize Costs of Attaining Logistics Objectives Warehousing Storage Distribution Warehousing Storage Distribution Order Processing Submitted Processed Shipped Order Processing Submitted Processed Shipped Logistics Functions Transportation Water, Truck, Rail, Pipeline & Air Logistics Systems

11. ©2000 Prentice Hall Rail Nation’s largest carrier, cost-effective for shipping bulk products, piggyback Rail Nation’s largest carrier, cost-effective for shipping bulk products, piggyback Truck Flexible in routing & time schedules, efficient for short-hauls of high value goods Truck Flexible in routing & time schedules, efficient for short-hauls of high value goods Water Low cost for shipping bulky, low-value goods, slowest form Water Low cost for shipping bulky, low-value goods, slowest form Pipeline Ship petroleum, natural gas, and chemicals from sources to markets Pipeline Ship petroleum, natural gas, and chemicals from sources to markets Air High cost, ideal when speed is needed or to ship high-value, low-bulk items Air High cost, ideal when speed is needed or to ship high-value, low-bulk items Transportation Modes

12. ©2000 Prentice Hall 1. Speed. 2. Dependability. 3. Capability. 4. Availability. Checklist for Choosing Transportation Modes

13. ©2000 Prentice Hall Rating Transportation Modes Rail34223 Water45141 Truck22314 Pipeline51552 Air13435 Source: See Carl M. Guelzo; Introduction to Logistics Management Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1986), p. 46. (Door-to- door delivery time) (Meeting Schedules on Time) (Ability to Handle Various Products) (No. of Geographic Points Served) (Per Ton- Mile) Speed Dependability Capability Availability Cost