1. Retailing and Wholesaling
Chapter 11

2. Supply chain

3. Opening Case Study- Caterpillar
For more than seven decades, Caterpillar has dominated the world’s market for heavy construction and mining equipment.
Caterpillar sells more than 300 products in nearly 200 companies generating sales more than $20 billion.
Caterpillar captures 27% the worldwide construction equipment business, more than double that of No.2 Komatsu
Its market share in US is more than twice that of Komatsu and Deere combined.
How is this happening???

4. Distribution in Action
FedEx’s creative and imposing distribution system made it a market leader in express delivery.

5. What Is Retailing? Retailing:
includes all the activities involved in selling products or services directly to final consumers for their personal, non-business use.
Most retailing is done by retailers, but nonstore retailing has recently grown by leaps and bounds.
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6. Types of Retailers Retailers are classified based on:
Amount of service they offer
Breadth and depth of product lines
Relative prices charged
How they are organized
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7. Self-Service Retailers
Serve customers who are willing to perform their own “locate-compare-select” process to save money.
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8. Limited-Service Retailers:
Provide more sales assistance because they carry more shopping goods about which customers need information
Big C, Tesco Lotus etc
Full-Service Retailers:
Usually carry more specialty goods for which customers like to be “waited on.”
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9. Major Store Retailer Types
Specialty stores
Department stores
Supermarkets
Category Killers
Convenience stores
Discount stores
Off-price retailers
Superstores
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10. Specialty stores
They carry narrow product lines with deep assortments within those lines.
The increasing use of good market segmentation, market targeting and product specialization has resulted in a greater need of stores that focus on specific products and segments.
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11. Specialty store
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12. Department stores
A retail organization that carry a wide variety of product lines- typically clothing, home furnishings, and house hold goods; each line is operated as a separate department managed by specialist buyers or merchandisers.
Eg: Zen, Central stores, other shopping malls
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13. Supermarkets
These are the most frequently shopped type of retail store.
Supermarkets are the Large, low-cost, low-margin, high-volume, self service stores that carries a wide variety of food, laundry, and household products.
Thus most supermarkets are
making improvements in to
attract more customers.
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14. Convenience stores
These are small stores that carry a limited line of high-turnover convenience goods.
These shops will be open for long hours seven days a week and will be located a residential area.
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15. Superstores
A store much larger than a regular supermarket that carries a large assortment of routinely purchased food products, non food items and service.
Wal-Mart, Kmart etc
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16. Category killers
Giant specialty store that carries a very deep assortment of a particular line and is staffed by knowledgeable employees.
Category killers are prevalent in a wide range of categories, including books, baby gear, toys, electronics, home improvement products etc.
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17. Relative Prices Classification
Discount stores
Off-price retailers
Independent off-price retailers
Factory outlets
Factory outlet malls
Warehouse clubs
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18. Warehouse club
A warehouse club is a retail store, usually selling a wide variety of merchandise, in which customers are required to buy large, wholesale quantities of the store's products, which makes these clubs attractive to both bargain hunters and small business owners.
In addition, customers may be required to pay annual membership fees in order to shop.
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19. The Future of Retailing
New Retail Forms and Shortening Retail Life Cycles
Growth of Non store Retailing
Retail Convergence
Rise of the Mega retailers
Growing Importance of Retail Technology
Global Expansion of Major Retailers
Retail Stores as “Communities” or “Hangouts”
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20. Shortening Retail Life Cycles
New retail forms continue to emerge to meet new situations and consumer needs, but the life cycle of new retail forms is getting shorter.
Of the top 10 discount retailers of US in 1962, not even one exists today. This was the year today’s retail giants “Wal-Mart and Kmart has begun operations as a small retailer.
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22. Growth of Nonstore Retailing
Online retailing is the newest form of non store retailing.
With easier to use web sites, improved online service, and the increasing sophistication of search technologies, online business is booming.
All types of retailers now use web as an important tool.
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23. Retail Convergence
The merging of consumers, products, prices and retailers is called retail convergence.
Retail convergence is the coming together of shoppers, goods and prices.
Customers of all income levels are shopping to the same stores, often for the same products.
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24. Rise of the Mega retailers
The rise of huge mass merchandisers and specialty superstores, the formation of Vertical Marketing Systems and a rash of retail mergers have created a core of superpower mega retailers.
Through their superior information systems and buying power, these giant retailers can offer better merchandise selections, good service, and strong price savings to consumers.
For example, in the US, Wal-Mart’s revenues are five times those of P&G
Wal-Mart generates 20% of the P&G’s revenues. Hence Wal-Mart can and often does use this power to wring concessions from P&G and other suppliers.
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26. Wholesaling Wholesaling:
includes all activities involved in selling goods and services to those buying for resale or business use.
Wholesalers add value for producers by performing one or more channel functions.
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27. Functions Provided by Wholesalers
Selling and promoting
Buying and assortment building
Bulk-breaking
Warehousing
Transportation
Financing
Risk bearing
Market information
Management services and advice
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