1. Cardio System

2. Functions of the Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular system is composed of:
The Heart
Blood vessels
The function of it is:
To circulate blood
Maintain the internal environment so all cells are nourished

3. How it works Heart pumps blood Blood vessels carry oxygen
and nutrients to body cells
Carbon dioxide and waste is
carried from cells.
Carbon dioxide is carried to lungs
Waste carried to kidneys for removal

4. Structure The Cardio system is composed of: The Heart Blood
Blood vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

5. The Heart The pump that makes the whole system work
Most of the heart is made of muscle called myocardium, which contracts and relaxes constantly and in rhythm.
Your heart rate will adjust depending on the activity you are doing.

6. Chambers of the Heart There are 4 chambers inside the heart.
The 2 smaller ones are called an atrium
The 2 lower, larger chambers are called ventricles
A wall of tissue called the septum separates the left and right atria, and also separates the left and right ventricles.

7. What they do
Top right of the atrium is a muscle that acts as a natural pacemaker
Regular electrical impulses remind the muscles of the atrium to contract, forcing blood to the ventricles.
Valves between the atria and ventricles allow blood to flow through the chambers of the heart.
When ventricles contract the valves close
That’s the sound when your heart beats

8. Circulation in the Heart
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Blood that has been deleted of oxygen but contains carbon dioxide and waste is carried to the heart by two large blood vessels called the vena cava.
The deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium and is transferred to the right ventricle.

9. The blood is then pumped to the lungs.
In the lungs, blood releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen from air.
Now the blood is oxygenated.
It then returns from the lungs to the left atrium.
The left atrium pumps the blood to the left ventricle of the heart.
The left ventricle pumps the blood out of the heart and to the body through an artery called the aorta.

10. Blood Delivers oxygen, hormones, and nutrients to the cells.
It carries the waste that cells produce away.
55% of total blood volume is composed plasma
The fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended
Plasma consist of
Water, nutrients, proteins, salts and hormones

11. Blood Red blood cells White blood cells and platelets Platelets
Make up about 40% of blood volume
White blood cells and platelets
Last 5% of blood volume
Platelets
Cells that prevent the bodies loss of blood.
Gather at the site of an injury and release chemicals that make them stick together.
This allows clotting to take place and slow blood loss.

12. Red Blood Cells Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin
Transport oxygen to tissues and cells
Formed in bone marrow- red blood cells contain hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin
The oxygen-carrying protein in blood.
Hemoglobin contains iron that binds with oxygen in the lungs and releases oxygen in the tissues.

13. White Blood Cells
Main role is to protect the body against infection and fight infection when it does occur.
Production increases when an infection is present.
Some are involved in allergic reactions.
Some form antibodies that provide immunity

14. Heart
Things to include:
AORTA
RIGHT ATRIUM
LEFT ATRIUM
RIGHT VENTRICLE
LEFT VENTRICLE
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
PULMANARY ARTERY
PULMINARY VEINS
MITRAL VALVE
AORTIC VALVE
PULMONIC VALVE
TRICUSPID VALVE
Also you need to include blood flow and where is it going, coming from!

15. ASSIGNMENT – 3/3 Only 23 days till Spring Break!
We will continue the PPT tomorrow
Your tasks for today are:
Read chapter 16 Lesson #1
Reading Strategy on pg. 416
Q #1-5 & AYR on page 422

16. Blood Vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins
60,000 miles of blood vessels trasnport blood. (page 420).
There are 3 main types
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

17. Arteries The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries have thick elastic walls that contain smooth muscle fibers.
The elastic fibers in the walls of arteries allow them to withstand the pressure exerted by the blood as the heart beats.
Arterioles- smaller blood vessels that carry blood to capillaries

18. Capillaries
Small blood vessels that carry blood between arterioles and vessels called venules.
They form an extensive network throughout tissues and organs in the body.
They play a role in body temperature regulation.

19. Veins Blood vessels that return blood to the heart.
The vena cava (large veins) carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart.
Pulmonary veins carry blood oxygenated from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

20. Lymphatic System
Helps fight infection and plays role body’s immunity to disease.
Helps maintain the balance of fluids in the spaces between cells.
Helps support the cardiovascular system.

21. Lymph
Lymph
Clear fluid that fills the spaces around body cells.
Transported by lymphatic system to the heart and eventually returns to the blood.
Similar to plasma in content
Consists of water and proteins, fats and lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
Specialized white blood cells that provide the body with immunity and protect against pathogens
Two types: B cells and T cells

22. B & T cells
B cells
Stimulated to enlarge & multiply when they come into contact with a pathogen.
Some produce antibodies to attack- while others are memory cells to provide immunity again.
T cells
Two types:
Killer T cells stop the spread of disease
Helper T cells control the body’s immune system

23. Caring for the Cardio System
Blood pressure
A measure of the amount of force that the blood places on the walls of blood vessels, particularly large arteries, as its pumped through the body.
Should remain in a normal range
Prevention includes:
maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, managing stress and avoiding drugs/alcohol.

24. Problems in the Cardio System
Congenital Heart Defects
Present at birth
Some are less serious than others, most require medical attention and sometimes surgery.
Alcohol and Smoking during pregnancy can cause higher risk
Sometimes its hereditary

25. Problems cont…. Cardiovascular Disease Heart Murmur
Group of diseases that include:
Hypertension
Heart disease
Stroke
#1 killer in men and women
930,000 die each year from CVD
Heart Murmur
Abnormal sounds made as blood pumps through heart.
Some go away and some require surgery.

26. Probs cont…. Varicose Veins Anemia Leukemia Hemophilia
Form when the valves do not close tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood.
Surgery, exercise and reducing standing time can limit and prevent these
Anemia
Condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced.
Caused by iron deficiency
Leukemia
Form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produced excessively and abnormally.
Causes increased risk of infection
Chemo and Radiation often most common treatment.
Hemophilia
Inherited disorder in which blood does not clot properly
Donated blood can help cure this.

27. Problems of the Lymphatic System
Immune Deficiency
Can no longer protect against infection
Some are congenital, some caused by HIV.
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Type of cancer that affects the lymph tissue found in spleen.
Early detection is essential for recovery.
Tonsillitis
Help protect against pathogens entering the body through respiratory system.
Treated with antibiotics or removed