1. IVAN CAPP
The 8 Parts of Speech

2. Interjection Whoa! Awesome! Oh no! Ouch!
Wow!
Interjection
Whoa!
An INTERJECTION is a word or phrase used to express EMOTION.
Awesome!
Ouch!
Oh no!

3. VERBS A VERB is a word which expresses action or being. It may be:
helping
linking
4. present, past, or future tense
5. irregular
6. active or passive voice

4. VERBS 1. Action Verbs — tell what the subject does
Ex.: swims, writes, reads, walked, ran
Mark swims on the Frisco Swim Team.
Helping Verbs — help main verbs express action
Ex.: could, should, would, will, might, must, can, shall,
We should walk to school.

5. Linking Verbs — link the subject to other words in the sentence
Ex.: is, am, are, was, were, seems, appears
I am your teacher.
Past, Present, Future Tense — tell when the action of the verb takes place
Ex.: walked, walks, will walk
He walked to school yesterday.
He walks to school.
He will walk to school tomorrow.

6. VERBS Irregular Verbs — don’t follow standard patterns of tense
Ex.: sing, sang, sung
I sing the songs today.
I sang the songs yesterday.
I have sung the songs before.
6. Active and Passive — active: subject acts
passive: subject receives
active The boy kicked the ball.
passive The ball was kicked by the boy.

7. Sound Grow Prove Remain Appear Smell Look Taste Feel
Action vs. Linking
Prove
Remain
The “Is” Rule
There are verbs that can be linking verbs in SOME sentences, but are action verbs in other sentences. One way to determine if the verb is functioning as an action verb or a linking verb is to substitute the word “is” for the verb in question. If the sentence still makes sense, then it is probably a linking verb. If the sentence would not make sense with the word “is,” then it is probably an action verb in the sentence.
Appear
Smell
Look
Taste
Feel

8. How could you describe this apple?
Little
Adjectives
seven
An ADJECTIVE is a word that describes a noun or pronoun.
Adjectives answer 3 questions:
What Kind?
How many or how much?
Which one or ones?
How could you describe this apple?
that
these
those
this

9. Adjectives Examples: 1. Common – describes a noun in a general way
Ex.: colorful, noisy, bitter, stinky, soft
It’s a noisy cafeteria.
2. Proper – is made from a proper noun
Ex.: Chinese (China), Mexican (Mexico)
I love Mexican food.

10. Adjectives Comparisons: Describing 1 That boy is short.
Comparative - Comparing 2
Ex.: That boy is shorter than his brother.
4. Superlative - Comparing more than 2 Ex.: That boy is the shortest on his team.
If the adjective is a longer word…you add more and most.
beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful

11. Adjectives Usually an adjective comes in front of
the noun it is describing.
The gigantic creature was hiding
in the scary cave.
It can also come after the noun. It is called a Predicate Adjective:
The creature was gigantic.

12. Nouns cat A NOUN is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Common Nouns: The general name for a person, place,
thing, or idea.
Ex.: teacher, cat, cereal, school, kindness
2. Proper Nouns: The specific name for a person, place, thing, or idea. Proper nouns are ALWAYS Capitalized.
Ex.: Mrs. Stolle, Garfield,
Cheerios, Fowler Middle School

13. Nouns 3. Singular - one Ex.: pencil, dress, leaf, man
4. Plural – more than one
Ex.: pencils, dresses, leaves, men
5. Collective – names a group
Ex.: audience, herd (of cows), bunch (of grapes)
6. Non-count – are not singular or plural
Ex.: water, rice, paper, anger

14. Conjunctions
A CONJUNCTION is a word that connects words or groups of words.

15. Conjunctions Coordinating For And Nor But Or Yet So
(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) – FANBOYS
I went shopping at the mall, but I didn’t buy anything.

16. Conjunctions Subordinating After Although AAAWWUBBIS As When
While
Until
Because
Before If
Since
Subordinating
AAAWWUBBIS
(“Ah-whoo-bis!”)
after, although, as, when, while, until, because, before, if, since
While we were at the park, we played on the slide.

17. Adverb carefully there yesterday completely
An ADVERB is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
carefully
there
yesterday
completely

18. Adverb Adverbs answer 4 questions: How? When? Where? To What Extent?
terribly, suddenly, carefully, sadly
The pig danced terribly.
When?
yesterday, now, later, soon
The pig danced yesterday.
Where?
here, there, up, ahead
The pig danced here.
To What Extent?
completely, totally, fully
The pig danced totally alone.

19. Preposition
A PREPOSITION is a word that shows a relationship between a noun or a pronoun to other words in the sentence.
1. Location – where
Ex: near, outside, in, on, under, inside
The squirrel is near the tree.
2. Time – when
Ex: until, during, after, before
The squirrel climbed the tree before sunset.

20. Preposition 3. Direction – where something is going
Ex: to, around, toward, through, past
The squirrel ran toward the tree.
4. Provide details – gives more information
Ex: by, with, of, from
The squirrel collected acorns from the tree.

21. Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase includes the preposition, the object of the preposition, and the modifiers of the object.
I am at school.
I’m at the best school in Frisco.

22. Pronoun A PRONOUN is a word used in place of a noun. Without pronouns:
Jennifer said that Jennifer was going to give Jennifer’s cats Jennifer’s cats’ food.
With pronouns:
Jennifer said that she was going to give her cats their food.

23. Pronoun It may be: A personal pronoun
I, you, he, she, it, me, we, they, him, her, us, them
I am the lion tamer, and you are just the lion.
Dad told me to give him the cake.
A possessive pronoun
my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, their, theirs
Her sandwich is much thicker than his.

24. Pronoun A reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself, himself, herself
You’ll have to ask yourself what you really want to do.
An indefinite pronoun:
many, all, both, nothing, anything, few, several
Many bought tickets to the show, but few actually came.

25. Resources
Checking Your Grammar by Marvin Terban
(A Scholastic Guide)