1. Skeletal Pathologies

2. TERMS FOR REVIEW Periosteum Diaphysis Epiphysis Endosteum Compact Bone Haversian systems Cancellous bones Epiphyseal cartilage Osteoblasts/osteoclasts Ossification/resorption

3. PATHOLOGIES REMEMBER:RAD FINDINGS AND DEFINITION TRANSITIONAL VERTEBRA SPINA BIFIDA OSTEOPETROSIS OI CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH DIVISIONS OF SPINE LUMBARIZATION SACRALIZATION CERVICAL RIB FAILURE OF RESORPTIVE MECHANISM (HEREDITARY) MARBLE BONES INHERITED SEVERE OSTEOPOROSIS, DEFECTIVE CORTICES

4. OSTEOPOROSIS AND DEXA Refer to handout Accelerated bone resorption Cannot be visualized on radiograph until 50-70% of bone density is lost! Radiographically: “picture frame” DEXA DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY 2 beams of high and low energy ST eliminated, bone mineral density (BMG) T-score Z-score

5. Ankylosing spondylitis SI Joint “bamboo spine” Osteoporosis, stress fracture

6. ARTHRITIS Rheumatoid VS Osteo Unknown origin Systemic, insidious Women Inflammation of synovial membrane Periarticular osteoporosis ST swelling Solid bony ankylosis Degenerative Age, repetitive movement, trauma Loss of joint space Joint space irregularity

7. Gout Paget’s disease Benign tumors Osteochondroma, bone cyst, giant cell tumor Malignant Ewings,Bony metatasis

8. Battered child syndrome Shaken baby Munchaasen syndrome SID

9. Herniation of Intervertebral disc Plain films Myelogram CT MRI SPONDYLOYSIS AND LISTHESIS