1. Nutrition From Childhood through Adulthood BIOL 103, Chapter 13-2

2. Today’s Topics Adolescence (Part 2) Adult/Mature Adult

3. Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents 1.Fitness and Sports – Can provide __________ for learning about nutrition and improve daily habits 2.Acne – Investigating the connections between diets and acne Examples: 3.Eating disorders – Becomes preoccupied with weight, appearance, and eating habits. – Not just a ____________________

4. Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents 4.Obesity – Risk factors: Physical: – Developing high blood pressure – Abnormal blood glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes – _______________________________________ __________________________________________ Psychological: – ______________________________

5. Nutrition-Related Concerns for Adolescents 5.Tobacco, alcohol, recreational drug – Period of experimentation – Alcohol and drug use may _______________ adequate food intake – Teens who use drugs are usually underweight and report __________________ Marijuana  ___________________ Tobacco  ____________________ Alcohol  _____________________

6. Staying Young While Growing Older Age-related changes – Weight and body composition Add _________; lose _________________ Overweight/obese  ____________________ Underweight  ______________________________ – Physical activity Loss of lean body mass  reduced muscle and skeletal strength Regular physical activities reduces _______________ and improves __________________

7. Staying Young While Growing Older Age-related concerns (cont.): – Immunity Decline in _______________ mechanisms around 40- 50 yrs old – Examples: Increased risk for urinary tract infections, upper respiratory illness (pneumonia, influenza) – Taste and smell Decline in sensitivity  thus, increases intake foods _________________________________ Better to serve foods with stronger flavors and odors over bland food.

8. Staying Young While Growing Older Age-related concerns (cont.): – Gastrointestinal changes 1.Reduced ________ production  _____________ and food is not well prepared for digestion 2.Reduced acid secretion (HCl and pepsin)  ______ efficient food digestion and allow the devlopment of ____________  interfere with _____ absorption 3.____________ GI motility  constipation, bloating, sense of fullness

9. Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult Energy – Reduced calorie needs Decreased lean body mass – Physical activity increases _________ requirements while also helping to _________ some loss in lean mass. Protein – ________ needs per kg body weight as younger adults

10. Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult Carbohydrate – 45-65% of calories in diet (high-carb) – Fiber  prevents constipation and diverticulosis, reduce risk for _____________, promote healthy body weight Fat – Maintain a moderate _______________ Water – ____________ thirst response  dehydration – Fluid recommendations are ______ as younger adults

11. Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult Vitamins of concern – Vitamin D Needed for bone health, calcium balance  if not, osteoporosis ________________  reduced skin synthesis and activation of vitamin D _______________ needs compared to younger adults – B vitamins Reduced ability to absorb ___________ ____________________ may help reduce heart disease risk Should consume B12 fortified foods and supplements

12. Nutrient Needs for Mature Adults Antioxidants – Found in fruits and vegetables – Important to _______ oxidative stress and ________________ such as cataracts, Alzheimer, and macular degeneration. – May protect against damage to the ______

13. Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult Minerals of concern – ______________: Bone health Reasons: – Many elders may be __________________ – _____________ ability to absorb calcium (less vitamin D receptors in the gut) – _____________: Immunity and wound healing _________________ deficiencies likely Avoid excess supplementation (mineral competition, interferes with immune system) – ______________ Elders may have limited intake

14. Figure 13.16 Micronutrients of particular concern for older people As we age, our energy needs decline, but our vitamin and mineral needs ________________ This makes _____________ foods especially important for older adults.

15. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults 1.Drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions – Can affect use of ____________________ – Herbal supplements, vitamins and minerals supplementation in high doses should be viewed as drugs – Possible interactions should be identified and avoided 2.Depression – Common among institutionalized and low-income seniors – May reduce ________________ – _______________ can interfere with nutrient usage

16. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults 3.Anorexia of aging – Loss of appetite with __________ – Can lead to __________________ malnutrition 4.Arthritis (pain and swelling in joints) – May interfere with _____________ and ________ – _________________ may interfere with nutrient absorption – ___________________ and dietary changes may improve symptoms

17. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults 5.Bowel and bladder regulation – Increased risk of ______________________ – Chronic _____________ more common with age Need for increased ____________________________ 6.Dental health – Tooth loss, difficulty swallowing, and mouth pain may interfere with ____________________ or _________________

18. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults 7.Vision Problems – Can affect ability to shop and cook – __________ may reduce ___________________ Anti-oxidants in green leafy vegetables can help prevent free radical damage and may protect the eye 8.Osteoporosis – Common in elders, especially _______________ – Maintain calcium, vitamin D, and ____________

19. Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature Adults 9.Alzheimer’s disease – accumulation of plaques in certain regions of the brain and degeneration of a certain class of neurons – Affects _______________ to obtain, prepare, and consume an optimal diet. – Reduced ______________________ – Risk for weight loss and malnutrition

20. Meal Management for Mature Adults Managing independence Finding community resources – Service for elders ________________________________