1. Unit 1 A -Chapter 2 Matter and Change 2.1 Properties of Matter 1
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2. Why are windows made of glass?
CHEMISTRY & YOU
Why are windows made of glass?
In this lesson, you will learn how properties can be used to classify and identify matter.
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3. Matter
What you observe when you look at a particular sample of matter is its properties.
Is a solid shiny or dull?
Does a liquid flow quickly or slowly?
Is a gas odorless, or does it have a smell?
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4. Matter is any thing that has mass and takes up space. (even air!)
What is Matter?
Matter is any thing that has mass and takes up space. (even air!)
How can matter be described?
Matter can be described by properties.
What are Properties?
Distinguishing characteristics or attributes of a sample of matter.
Examples: Color, Density, etc.
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5. What are the three states of matter that we will study?
Solid, Liquid, and Gas.
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6. What state or states could this substance be in?
A substance is in a state in which it takes the shape of its container.
What state or states could this substance be in?
What are some possible examples of what this substance might be?
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7. How can we differentiate between a solid, liquid and gas?
States of Matter
How can we differentiate between a solid, liquid and gas?
By the definition & the properties of each
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Definite Volume
No Definite Volume
Definite Shape
No Definite Shape

8. States of Matter - Venn Diagram
Activity Time
States of Matter - Venn Diagram

9. Particle Motion
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Arrangement of Particles
packed closely together
Close together
Far apart
Movement of Particles
Vibrate in fixed positions
Move around in close proximity to each other
Move freely within confines of the container

10. Conservation of Matter
The Law of Conservation of Matter states…
matter can not be created nor destroyed, but it can change forms

11. Classification of Matter - Pure
One way to classify matter is based on its purity.
Pure Substance – Matter that has only 1 set of chemical and physical properties.
Example: Pure water always has the exact same chemical and physical properties under the same conditions.
If water ever tastes different then it isn’t pure water; it fits into the “OTHER” category.

12. Matter
Cannot be separated physically
Pure substance

13. Classification of Matter - Pure
Pure substances can also be divided into 2 categories: Elements and Compounds.
Elements – Substances made up of only one type of atom. (Can NOT be separated by any physical OR chemical process.)
Examples:
Carbon
Helium
Gold

14. Classification of Matter - Pure
Compound – Two or more elements chemically bonded together. (Can only be separated by a chemical reaction.)
Examples:
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Water (H2O)
Salt (NaCl)
Sucrose (C12H22O11)

15. Matter Pure substance Element Metal Metalloid
Located to the left of the staircase
Located on the staircase
Nonmetal
Located to the right of the staircase

16. Matter Element Compound Pure substance Cannot be separated physically
Can only be separated chemically
Element
Compound

17. Matter CH4 HNO3 NaOH NiCl2 Compound Pure substance Element Organic
Inorganic
Chemical formula starts with Carbon(C)
Acid
Base
Salt
Chemical formula starts with Hydrogen (H)
Chemical formula ends with Hydroxide (-OH)
Contains a metal element and a nonmetal element

18. Classification of Matter - Mixtures
Mixture – Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties.
Even though it may look different, it is still copper and zinc. Each metal retains its own properties like melting point.
Example: Copper and Zinc can be mixed together to produce brass.

19. Classification of Matter - Mixtures
Unlike pure substances, mixtures can always be separated by physically.
If a sample of sand contains iron and salt, how could you separate them from the other minerals?

20. Matter Mixture Element Compound Pure substance
Cannot be separated physically
Can be separated physically
Pure substance
Mixture
Element
Compound

21. Classification of Matter - Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixture – Uneven distribution of the different substances.
You can see the different parts - “Chunky”
Examples:
Sand
Granite
Wood

22. Classification of Matter - Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixture – Components are evenly mixed; “Smooth”, uniform throughout
Salt water contains salt and water, but are mixed all the way to the atomic level,
but it can still be separated by physical means.
Seawater distillation plant
Additional Examples of Homogeneous Mixtures:
Blood, Coffee, Steel

23. Heterogeneous Mixture
Matter
Cannot be separated physically
Can be separated physically
Pure substance
Mixture
Cannot be separated
Can see the parts
Cannot see the parts
Can be separated chemically
Element
Compound
Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
Most pure
Least pure

24. Separation of Mixtures
Mixtures can be separated into their individual substances by using their properties.
Example:

25. Classification of Matter - Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures – “Smooth”, uniform throughout mixtures are called SOLUTIONS
Examples:
Blood, Coffee, Steel

26. Classification of Matter - Mixtures
SOLUTIONS: contains 1 or more substances being dissolved in a different substance.
Unsaturated Solution: more of the substance can be dissolved (Dilute)
Saturated Solution: the maximum amount of substance has been dissolved
Supersaturated Solution:
more than the maximum amount of substance has been dissolved

27. Using a solubility graph to determine the type of solution
50g of KCl at 900C?
30g of KNO3 at 200C?
40g of NaCl at 00C?