1. Voices of Protest Chapter 19.1
Demonstration for Equal Rights Amendment
Chapter 19.1

2. A Woman’s Place
Traditional wedding couple: she could look forward to fifty years of baking cookies

3. What are the origins of the Women’s Movement?
Outgrowth of civil rights movement: women built on it
Saw themselves as treated like second class citizens
Expected to make sandwiches, type, stay at home
Betty Friedan
“The Feminine Mystique”
“Is this It?”
Above: traditional family supper; below: Betty Friedan poses

4. How did reproductive rights change in the 60s and 70s?
The Pill
FDA approved sale in 1960
Women became more health conscious
Some felt greater freedom
Pregnant women were usually fired from their jobs
Roe v. Wade (1973) legalized 1st trimester abortion
Above: The Pill (month’s supply); below: anti-abortion protests

5. Describe NOW and its goals:
NOW- National Organization of Women
Goals was full equality for women
Constitutional amendment (ERA)
Maternity leave
Better day care centers
Equal/ non-segregated education
Equal job opportunities
Abortion rights
270 thousand members by 1990
Above: NOW logo; below: NOW parade

6. Describe the radical feminists:
Younger, smaller groups and more ‘dramatic’ than NOW
Ridiculed the 1968 Miss America pageant by crowning sheep
Threw girdles, bras, curlers, and other symbols of “feminine enslavement” into the freedom trashcan
Above: 1960s Miss America; below: feminist protestors

7. Radical Feminists
Capture from clip on radical feminists

8. Gloria Steinem Presentation
A young woman (not Gloria) serves drinks in a Playboy bunny suit

9. Describe the successes of the Women’s Liberation movement in the 1970s:
Gloria Steinem & Ms. Magazine
Wrote about issues Cosmo and Good Housekeeping avoided
Popularized “Ms.” instead of Miss or Mrs.
Women’s Studies appeared in universities (you could major in it)
By 1980:
51% of undergrads were female
30% of doctorate degrees female
Above: A Playboy bunny serves drinks

10. Phyllis Schlafly Presentation
Schlafly gives an anti-feminist speech

11. Who was Phyllis Schlafly?
Conservative Anti-feminist
Lawyer and author
The Power of the Positive Woman (1977)
Stated that women primary duty uphold traditional values
Church, family, country
Argued that feminists did not represent all women
Led STOP ERA movement
Said it would lead to unisex bathrooms, women in combat, and the destruction of the traditional family
Above and below: Phyllis Schlafly

12. How did Congress and the Courts react to the Feminist Movement?
Affirmative Action Plan (1971)
Forced Businesses working with US Gov to have a certain percentage of females
Education Amendments Act (1972)
Outlawed sexual discrimination in education
Forced schools to change classes
cooking no longer limited to girls, shop to boys
US military opened up academies of Annapolis and West Point to female cadets
Above: home economics in the 1950s
Below:

13. Describe the ERA and the fight for its ratification:
Photo of an ERA rally in this century (web address on banner, reference to 9-11 on sign)

14. Describe the ERA and the fight for its ratification:
“Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.”
Amendment overwhelmingly approved by Congress
In order for the Amendment to be added to the Constitution, 38 States needed to ratify it (3/4 of states).
30 did by 1973
Conservatives fought vigorously against the Amendment
Fear that it would change social and family roles
By the 1982 deadline, NOW’s fight for the amendment died, and Congress did not extend the deadline.

15. How did the Feminist movement affect social and gender relationships?
Below: cartoon makes the serious point that chivalry made more sense when tasks were dangerous and physically demanding
Marriage postponed
Women entered college to prepare for careers
Divorce rate climbed
More socially acceptable to leave unsatisfying marriage
Socially acceptable behavior uncertain
What was considered gentlemanly behavior changed
Should a man hold the door for a lady or is that being a chauvinist?

16. What were the results of the Feminist Movement?
More women in the workplace
Ms. Became title in business
Took marital status out of workplace
Two-career family became norm
Women continued to rise in status
Sandra Day O'Connor (1st female justice in Supreme Court in 1981)
Geraldine Ferraro (Democratic VP candidate in 1984)
Sally Ride (1st female in space in 1983)
Hillary Rodham Clinton!!!
Below: Gloria Steinem on 30th anniversary cover of the magazine she founded