1. A Tutorial by Mrs. Dinkel

2.  Definition: The author explains how two or more things are alike and how they are different.  Summary Questions: What items are being compared? What is it about them that is being compared? In what way are the items alike or different?

3. Basketball and soccer both appeal to Andi even though they are quite different sports. Basketball is played on a wooden court while soccer is usually played outside on a grassy field. The balls used in both sports are similar. They are round and filled with air. In basketball, a player must use her hands-kicking the ball is a violation. In soccer, it is just the opposite. Players must kick the ball to control it. There are very few times when using the hands is allowed. Perhaps Andi likes both sports because they allow her to practice different skills. ( Applegate, 2005) Read the following paragraph.

4.  This paragraph explains how two things are similar and different.  What two things are being compared? Soccer and basketball are being compared.  What is it about them that is being compared? The author compares where they are played, the ball, and rules of the game.  In what ways are they alike or different? Basketball is played on a court. Soccer is played outside. Both use a ball filled with air. Basketball and soccer both appeal to Andi even though they are quite different sports. Basketball is played on a wooden court while soccer is usually played outside on a grassy field. The balls used in both sports are similar. They are round and filled with air. In basketball, a player must use her hands-kicking the ball is a violation. In soccer, it is just the opposite. Players must kick the ball to control it. There are very few times when using the hands is allowed. Perhaps Andi likes both sports because they allow her to practice different skills. (Applegate, 2005)

5. ContrastC Contrast Compare different from in contrast although more than less than instead of however on the other hand on the contrary as opposed to but not while unless the contrary as opposed to but not while unless same as like not only…but also either…or likewise similarly similar to compared with as well as resemble Compare Compare and Contrast These key words are used to compare and contrast. Shared by Becky Cox, Valley Center

6.  This paragraph contains key words that will help us identify the compare and contrast structure.  Locate as many key words as you can.  When you advance the slide, you can check your ideas. Basketball and soccer both appeal to Andi even though they are quite different sports. Basketball is played on a wooden court while soccer is usually played outside on a grassy field. The balls used in both sports are similar. They are round and filled with air. In basketball, a player must use her hands-kicking the ball is a violation. In soccer, it is just the opposite. Players must kick the ball to control it. There are very few times when using the hands is allowed. Perhaps Andi likes both sports because they allow her to practice different skills. (Applegate, 2005) What key words are in the paragraph?

7.  The following words are used to show the similarities between basketball and soccer: both similar  These words are used to show how basketball and soccer are different: different while opposite Basketball and soccer both appeal to Andi even though they are quite different sports. Basketball is played on a wooden court while soccer is usually played outside on a grassy field. The balls used in both sports are similar. They are round and filled with air. In basketball, a player must use her hands-kicking the ball is a violation. In soccer, it is just the opposite. Players must kick the ball to control it. There are very few times when using the hands is allowed. Perhaps Andi likes both sports because they allow her to practice different skills. (Applegate, 2005) Look over the highlighted key words in the paragraph.

8.  The Thinking Maps used to organize a compare and contrast text would be a double bubble or a Venn diagram. Played on a grassy field Basketball Use a round ball filled with air Control the ball by kicking it Soccer Use hands to control the ball Played on a wooden court Double Bubble Map (Hyerle, 1995)

9.  The Thinking Maps used to organize the main ideas of a compare and contrast text would be a double bubble or a Venn diagram. Played on a wooden court Must use hands Played on a grassy field Kick the ball to control it Use a round ball filled with air BasketballSoccer Venn Diagram

10.  Definition: The author gives one or more causes and the resulting effects. The purpose is to explain why something happened.  Summary Questions: What happened? Why did it happen?

11. In January of 2007, many children in western Kansas had an extended Christmas vacation. They could not return to school because of a blizzard. Hundreds of people lost their electricity for several days. Freezing rain stuck to power lines and poles and formed many layers of ice. The heavy weight of the ice caused the lines sag and sometimes break. As a result, many poles broke and fell to the ground. This meant no lights, sometimes no water, and worst of all, no computer games. (Applegate, 2005) Read the following paragraph.

12.  This paragraph explains what happened and what made it happen.  What happened? Children could not return to school and there was no electricity for several days.  What made it happen? There was a blizzard and freezing rain. In January of 2007, many children in western kansas had an extended Christmas vacation. They could not return to school because of a blizzard. Hundreds of people lost their electricity for several days. Freezing rain stuck to power lines and poles and formed many layers of ice. The heavy weight of the ice caused the lines sag and sometimes break. As a result, many poles broke and fell to the ground. This meant no lights, sometimes no water, and worst of all, no computer games. (Applegate, 2005) Read the following paragraph.

13. Cause and Effect These key words are used in cause and effect relationships. Signal Words because if…thenas a result therefore sinceconsequently this leads toso thatnevertheless accordinglybecause ofin order to may be due toeffects ofthus for this reason Shared by Becky Cox, Valley Center

14.  This paragraph has key words that help us identify cause and effect relationships.  Find as many key words in the paragraph as you can.  When you advance the slide, check your ideas. In January of 2007, many children in western Kansas had an extended Christmas vacation. They could not return to school because of a blizzard. Hundreds of people lost their electricity for several days. Freezing rain stuck to power lines and poles and formed many layers of ice. The heavy weight of the ice caused the lines sag and sometimes break. As a result, many poles broke and fell to the ground. This meant no lights, sometimes no water, and worst of all, no computer games. (Applegate, 2005) What key words are in the paragraph?

15.  The key words that help us identify cause and effect relationships are: because caused as a result this meant In January of 2007, many children in western Kansas had an extended Christmas vacation. They could not return to school because of a blizzard. Hundreds of people lost their electricity for several days. Freezing rain stuck to power lines and poles and formed many layers of ice. The heavy weight of the ice caused the lines sag and sometimes break. As a result, many poles broke and fell to the ground. This meant no lights, sometimes no water, and worst of all, no computer games. (Applegate, 2005) The key words are identified in the paragraph.

16.  The thinking map used to organize main ideas in a cause and effect text would be a multi-flow map. Cause A blizzard and freezing rain Children could not return to school. There was no electricity for several days. Effect (Hyerle, 1995)

17.  Definition: The author lists items or events in order.  Summary Questions: What sequence of events is being described? What are the steps or procedures to follow?

18. It takes many people to make a new toy. First, someone must get a good idea. Then, the idea becomes a plan. Next, someone builds or buys the machines that factory makers run to make the toy parts and assemble them. Factory workers make the toys. Finally, other workers put the new toy in a box to send to a toy store. (Applegate, 2005) Read the following paragraph.

19.  This paragraph explains the items or events in order.  What sequence of events is being described? The passage is describing how to make a new toy.  What are the steps or procedures to follow? Get an idea. Make a plan. Build or buy machines. Make the toys. Put toys in a box. Send toys to a store. It takes many people to make a new toy. First, someone must get a good idea. Then, the idea becomes a plan. Next, someone builds or buys the machines that factory makers run to make the toy parts and assemble them. Factory workers make the toys. Finally, other workers put the new toy in a box to send to a toy store. (Applegate, 2005) Read the following paragraph.

20. Sequence or Chronology These key words are found in a sequence text structure. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Signal Words firstsecondbefore on (date)not long afterafter that nextat the same timefinally thenlater Shared by Becky Cox, Valley Center

21.  This paragraph has key words that help us identify the sequence or order of events.  Find as many key words in the paragraph as you can.  When you advance the slide, check your ideas. It takes many people to make a new toy. First, someone must get a good idea. Then, the idea becomes a plan. Next, someone builds or buys the machines that factory makers run to make the toy parts and assemble them. Factory workers make the toys. Finally, other workers put the new toy in a box to send to a toy store. (Applegate, 2005) What key words are in the paragraph.

22.  The key words that help us identify the sequence or order of events are: first then next finally It takes many people to make a new toy. First, someone must get a good idea. Then, the idea becomes a plan. Next, someone builds or buys the machines that factory makers run to make the toy parts and assemble them. Factory workers make the toys. Finally, other workers put the new toy in a box to send to a toy store. (Applegate, 2005) The key words are identified in the paragraph.

23.  The thinking map used to organize main ideas in a sequence text would be a flow map. Get an idea. Make a plan. Send toys to a store. Build or buy machines. Make the toys. Put toys in a box. (Hyerle, 1995)

24. What are the text structures in the following sentences? Your choices are: cause/effect, compare/contrast, and Chronology/sequence.  Before entering a wise man opens the door.  A net in soccer is much larger than a net in basketball.  A person who drives too fast gets a ticket.

25. Answers:  Before entering a wise man opens the door. (sequence)  A net in soccer is much larger than a net in basketball. (compare/contrast)  A person who drives too fast gets a ticket. (cause/effect)

26. Now you’re ready to practice using the compare and contrast, cause and effect, and sequence text structures! Complete the two Quia activities marked Practice Part 1. When you finish these activities, you’ll be ready to learn about the final two structures, problem and solution and description.

27.  Applegate, M. (2005). Text structures: Patterns and organization of expository text. Sublette, Kansas: Southwest Plains Regional Service Center.  Hyerle, D. (1995). Thinking maps: Tools for learning. Raleigh, North Carolina: Innovative Sciences, Inc.