1. The Byzantine Empire
Section 9-1

2. Preview Questions How did Justinian extend Byzantine power?
What were the key elements of Byzantine Christianity?
Why did the Byzantine empire collapse?
What was the heritage of the Byzantine empire?

3. The Growth of Byzantine Power
The eastern Roman empire became known as the Byzantine empire.
Constantinople
Center of the empire
Favorable location for trade
Wealth and splendor

4. The Growth of Byzantine Power
A Blending of Cultures
Promoted Greek, Roman, and Christian cultures

5. The Age of Justinian Wanted his empire to be as great as ancient Rome
Ruled as an autocrat and had power over the Church
Organized laws – known as Justinian’s Code
Autocrat: A sole ruler with complete authority

6. The Age of Justinian
Justinian launched a building program in Constantinople. The greatest achievement was the church of the Hagia Sophia.

7. The Age of Justinian Changing Fortunes
Many attacks came from groups such as the Turks, Persians, Slavs, Vikings, and Mongols
Arab armies gained control of much of the Mediterranean, but the empire survived due to their strong government and economy

8. Byzantine Christianity
Emperor controlled Church affairs
Ruled by a patriarch
Clergy may marry
Used Greek as language of Church
Greatest Holy Day is Easter
Known as Orthodox Christianity

9. Byzantine Christianity
Schism
A dispute over the use of icons led to a schism
Byzantine Christians prayed to icons
Roman Christians condemned as “idol worshipping”
Pope and patriarch excommunicated each other
Fourth Crusade worsened divisions
Icons: Holy images
Schism: Permanent split or division

10. Crisis and Collapse Reasons For Decline Struggles over succession Wars
Growth of Western Europe
Invasion by Seljuk Turks
The Crusades
Rise of Ottoman Turks

11. Crisis and Collapse Constantinople Falls
Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in 1453 and renamed it Istanbul
Muslim influences replace Christian ones.

12. The Byzantine Heritage
Blended Christian beliefs with Greek learning
Preserved classical learning
Expanded Roman architecture and law