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Published byScot Johns Modified over 9 years ago
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CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2: THE EUROPEAN WORLD
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DRIVEN BY A DESIRE FOR WEALTH & A SENSE OF DUTY TO SPREAD THEIR RELIGION
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THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES AD 500- 1300 MEDIEVAL PERIOD EUROPEAN INVASIONS –GERMAN FRANKS SETTLED ACROSS EUROPE –VIKINGS LOOTED & BURNED VILLAGES –MUSLIMS SOUGHT TO SPREAD THEIR RELIGION
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FEUDALISM POWERFUL NOBLE OR LORD DIVIDED HIS LARGE LANDHOLDINGS AMONG LESS LORDS, WHO IN RETURN OWED HIM MILITARY SERVICE & OTHER SERVICES BASIS WAS THE MANOR (LARGE ESTATE OF THE LORD)
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PEASANTS (SERFS) FARMED THE LAND & GAVE THEIR LORD A PORTION OF THE HARVEST IN EXCHANGE FOR SHELTER & PROTECTION –FORBIDDEN TO LEAVE EUROPEAN FOREIGN TRADE DIED OUT
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MEDIEVAL RELIGION ROMAN CATHOLIC POPE HAD AUTHORITY OVER EMPERORS & KINGS CLERGY PERFORMED RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES, OWNED LARGE PLOTS OF LAND & WERE LORDS OF MANORS ONLY EDUCATED PEOPLE IN EUR.
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EVERY CHRISTIAN WAS EXPECTED TO SHOW UNQUESTIONING OBEDIENCE TO CHURCH AUTHORITY
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THE LATE MIDDLE AGES NEW FARMING METHODS LED TO MORE POPULATION & COMPETITION FOR LAND NEW TRADE ROUTES TO ASIA
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THE CRUSADES 1077- MUSLIMS SEIZED JERUSALEM (PREVIOUSLY SHARED) 1096-1291 CHURCH ORGANIZED A SERIES OF MILITARY CAMPAIGNS TO TAKE JERUSALEM BACK (FAILED)
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IMPACT- INCREASED EUROPEAN AWARENESS OF THE WORLD BEYOND THEIR BORDERS & ACCELERATED ECONOMIC CHANGE CRUSADERS BROUGHT BACK SPICES, PERFUMES, FABRICS FROM ASIA 1271- MARCO POLO WENT TO CHINA
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THE GROWTH OF CITIES MERCHANTS SOLD THEIR FOREIGN GOODS AT FARES SET UP ALONG WATER & TRADE ROUTES GREW INTO CITIES & TOWNS IN NORTHERN ITALY & FRANCE
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THREE EFFECTS –CREATED A MIDDLE CLASS –REVIVED A MONEY ECONOMY –CONTRIBUTED TO THE EVENTUAL BREAKDOWN OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
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THE RISE OF MONARCHS ATTRACTED THE LOYALTY OF THE MIDDLE CLASS BY PROTECTING TRADE ROUTES & KEEPING THE PEACE OFTEN LED TO CLASHES BETWEEN KINGS OR NOBLES KING JOHN OF ENGLAND WAS FORCED TO SIGN THE MAGNA CARTA IN 1215 “GREAT CHARTER”
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THE RISE OF UNIVERSITIES NEEDED PEOPLE TO RUN GOVERNMENTS OR IN CHURCH ANCIENT WRITINGS WERE TRANSLATED INTO LATIN
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THE “BLACK DEATH” 1300’S “THE PLAGUE” KILLED 1/3 OF EUROPE’S POPULATION CARRIED BY FLEAS ON RATS CAUSED STARVATION, RIOTS, & ECONOMIC COLLAPSE CAME A LOSS OF RELIGIOUS FAITH, PEOPLE BEGAN DOUBTING CHURCH TEACHINGS
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THE RENAISSANCE “REBIRTH” ENORMOUS CREATIVITY & RAPID CHANGE THE PURSUIT OF LEARNING –QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE (ART, LITERATURE, SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY, ECONOMICS, & POLITICAL THOUGHT)
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MICHELANGELO, DA VINCI, & SHAKESPEARE BROUGHT ORDER & UNITY TO EUROPE BEGAN USING REASON & EXPERIMENTATION TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICAL WORLD
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CULTURAL CHANGES IN ITALY STUDIED THE ARTS BECAME GENEROUS SUPPORTERS OF THEM
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A GOLDEN AGE EXPLORED THE PHYSICAL WORLD & THE INDIVIDUAL ROLE IN IT –HUMANISM
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THE PRINTING PRESS JOHANN GUTENBERG –FIRST BOOK WAS THE BIBLE –COMMUNICATION REVOLUTION
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THE REFORMATION 1517- MARTIN LUTHER LED THE REFORMATION –DECLARED THE BIBLE WAS THE TRUE AUTHORITY PROTESTANTS- PROTESTED CATHOLIC AUTHORITY
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THE RISE OF NATIONS GOVERNMENT BY LOCAL NOBLES & THE CHURCH DECLINED EUROPE THOUGHT OF THEMSELVES AS MEMBERS OF NATIONS
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SEAFARING TECHNOLOGY COMPETITION FOR ASIAN TRADE 1400- REACH BY LAND NEW TECHNOLOGY- COMPASS, ASTROLABE, & QUADRANT
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PORTUGAL TAKES TO THE SEAS 1418- PRINCE HENRY “THE NAVIGATOR” ESTABLISHED A MARINERS SCHOOLS DEVELOPED THE CARAVEL 1488- BARTHOLOMEU DIAS SAILED AROUND THE SOUTHERN TIP OF AFRICA “CAPE OF GOOD HOPE”
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1497- VASCO DA GAMA SAILED TO INDIA
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COMPETITION TO THE SEAS FERDINAND & ISABELLA OF SPAIN –LAUNCHED THE INQUISITION GOAL WAS TO DISCOVER & PUNISH JEWS & MUSLIMS WHO WERE POSING AS CHRISTIANS 1492- ALL JEWS REFUSING TO BE BAPTIZED WERE EXPELLED FROM SPAIN
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GOALS –SURPASS PORTGUAL IN THE SEA RACE –BRING CHRISTIANITY TO NEW LANDS
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